Achomawi
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FOUR
DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE
Achomawi |
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| Ethnie: | ACHOMAWI (PIT RIVER INDIANS) |
| Language: | Palainihan |
| Family: | Shastan-Palainihan |
| Stock: | Karok-Shasta |
| Phylum: | Hokan |
| Macro-Culture: | Transitional: Central California, Great Basin, & Northwest |
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| The Achomawi were semi-sedentary hunter/ gatherer tribes located in the drainage of the Pit River in northeastern California. They were often called the Pit River Indians due to their practice of digging pits for the purpose of catching game. The tribes were often victims of slaving raids of tribes from the north and later was devastated by settlers in the years following the gold rush. |
| Aboriginal Locations |
| Achomawi, Atuami, Hamawi, Hantiwi, Ilmawi, Madehsi (possibly 28 villages) |
| Present Locations |
| ALTURAS RANCHERIA, Alturas |
| BIG BEND RANCHERIA, Big Bend |
| LIKELY RESERVATION, Likely |
| LOOKOUT RANCHERIA, Lookout |
| MONTGOMERY CREEK RANCHERIA, Montgomery Creek |
| ROARING CREEK RANCHERIA, Montgomery Creek |
| ROUND VALLEY RESERVATION, Covelo |
| SUSANVILLE RANCHERIA, Susanville |
| X L RANCH RESERVATION, Alturas |
| Year | History |
| 1848 | US Army invasion under Gen. Geo. Crook |
| 1849 | Gold rush brought influx of settlers and miners |
| 1854 | Rogue River Wars |
| 1871 | Began to practice Ghost Dance |
| 1921 | Smallpox epidemic |
| Year | Population | Source |
| 1700 | 3,000 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1770 | 1,500 | Kroeber estimate |
| 1800 | 3,000 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1848 | 3,000 | Cook estimate |
| 1852 | 3,000 | Cook estimate |
| 1880 | 1,500 | Cook estimate |
| 1900 | 1,300 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1910 | 1,000 | Census |
| 1930 | 400 | Census |
| 1936 | 500 | McGregor estimate |
| 2000 | 1,500 | NAHDB projection |
| Other speakers of the same language: |
|
Atsugewi |
| Last updated 08/02/07 Copyright © 2007 by Four Directions Press |
