FOUR DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE

 

Apache

  

 

Ethnie: APACHE
Language: Western Apachean
Family: Apachean
Stock: Athapaskan
Phylum: Na-Dene
Macro-Culture: Southwestern
Speakers 12,693      1990 Census
     Most Apacheans began to arrive in the southwest from Canada late in the 15th century.  They represent a dialectic group which was comprised of several tribes.  These first Apaches were nomadic predatory bands which preyed on the sedentary peoples of the area.  They first settled in New Mexico and west Texas.  They acquired guns early making them even more formidable.  Famed leaders such as Magnus Colorado, Cochise, and Geronimo proved to be powerful enemies for the New Mexicans and, later, the Americans.  By the time the Apaches were defeated in the 1880's, most had become pastoral farmers. 
1800's Tribes
AZ:  San Carlos (Apache Peaks, Ariviappa, Pinal, Can Carlos, White Mountain, Cibecue, Southern Tonto, Northern Tonto); Chiricahua-Mescalero (Chiricahua)  NM:  Chiricahua-Mescalero (Chiracahua [Mimbreno, Mogollan, Warm Springs]); (Mescalero [Faraon, Mescalero])
Arizona Present Locations
Camp Verde Reservation, Middle Verde
Fort Apache Reservation, Whiteriver
Fort McDowell Reservation, Scottsdale
Payson Indian Community, Payson
Can Carlos Reservation, San Carlos
Year History
1540 Met by Coronado, called "Querechos," in west Texas and New Mexico
1598 Called "Apache" by Onate
1701 Mentioned by Kino, called "Hogiopas."
1861 Apache Uprising surrounding Ward Affair; Cochise wrongly accused of kidnapping, George Bascom took Cochise' family hostage, killed all males.  Apaches them killed several hundred Whites.
1863 Capt. Thomas Roberts attack at Apache Pass, Magnus Colorado wounded, later captured and killed at Fort McLane, Kit Carson defeated Mescaleros, interred them at Fort Sumpter, Bosque Redondo
1871 Up to 150 Ariviappas massacred at Fort Grant.
1872 Cook's Tonto Basin Campaign
1879 Victorio's resistance
1881 Geronimo's resistance of 5 years
1882 Victorio defeated in the Chihuahua desert
1885 Geronimo, Nachise and 24 other surrendered, later escaped
1886 Final Geronimo surrender
1909 Geronimo died as a prisoner of war at Ft. Sill, Oklahoma
Year Population AZ NM OK TX Source
Arrival 6,000 3,000 3,000 NAHDB calculation
1680 6,000 Mooney estimate
1700 5,000 2,500 2,500 NAHDB calculation
1800 5,000 2,500 2,500 NAHDB calculation
1900 6,000 5,400 500 100 NAHDB calculation
1910 6,119 Census
1923 6,630 US Indian Office
1930 6,537 Census (including some others)
1937 6,916 US Indian Office 
1973 16,735 BIA
1981 17,358 BIA
1989 20,022 BIA
2000 22,000 18,500 3,400 100 NAHDB calculation
Other speakers of the same language:
Navajo
Apache Sites:
A Chiricahua Apache's Account of the Geronimo Campaign of 1886  http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/OplKeno.html
Apache  http://www.curtis-collection.com/tribe%20data/apache.html
Apache  http://www.nativeamericans.com/Apache.htm
Apache  http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/apache.html
Apache Authors  http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/t2
Apache Basket Weaver, Linda Guzman  http://www.penfieldgallery.com/baskets/LGuzman.html
Apache Creation Story  http://www.ilhawaii.net/~stony/lore34.html
Apache:  Creation Story  http://www.bedtime-story.com/bedtime-story/apache-creation.htm
Apache Girl Comes of Age  http://arts.envirolink.org/visual_arts/Stephen_Trimble/apache_girl.html
Apache Gold Casino  http://www.apachegoldcasinoresort.com/
Apache Indian  http://logos.uoregon.edu/explore/oregon/alsea.html
Apache Indian History  http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/apache/apachehist.htm
Apache Indianhttp://www.geocities.com/coqrico/ Photos 
Apache Indians  http://jeff.scott.tripod.com/apache.html
Apache Indians Defended Homelands in the Southwest  http://www.epcc.edu/ftp/Homes/monicaw/borderlands/18_apache.htm
Apache Indians Historic Wars Maps  http://wmat.us/sealinfo.html
Apache Indian Lyrics  http://www.elyrics.net/song/a/apache-indian-lyrics.html
Apache Indian Tribe  http://www.nanations.com/apache/
Apache Indians, Texas ...  http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/view/AA/bma33.html%20
Apache Kid, The  http://www.getnet.com/~jcarhart/WPA%20Interviews/apache_kid.htm
Apache Language http://www.native-languages.org/apache.htm
Apache Language  http://www.language-museum.com/a/apache.php
Apache Language and Communication  http://www.meadowthorpe.fcps.net/projects/native_americans/ApacheLanguage%20and%20Communication.htm
Apache Men  http://www.peabody.harvard.edu/maria/Apachemen.html
Apache Nation  http://www.crystalinks.com/apache.html
Apache People ... http://www.desertusa.com/ind1/du_peo_apache.html
Apache Photo Gallery  http://impurplehawk.com/apgallery.html
Apache, Pueblo, and Zuni Indians  http://inkido.indiana.edu/w310work/romac/indians.htm
Apache Scouts in the Punitive Expedition  http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/comment/huachuca/HI1-23.htm
Apache Tribal Nation  http://www.greatdreams.com/apache/apache-tribe.htm
Apachttp://www.omaha.lib.ne.us/transmiss/congress/apache.htmlhe Tribe 
Apache Wars  http://mi.essortment.com/apacheindiange_rfjn.htm
Apache Women  http://www.peabody.harvard.edu/maria/Apachewomen.html
Athabaskan (Na-Dene) Language Family  http://www.native-languages.org/famath.htm
Battle With the Apache, 1872  http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/apache.htm
Becoming Woman:  Apache Female Puberty Sunrise Ceremony ... http://www.webwinds.com/yupanqui/apachesunrise.htm
Cochise  http://www.linecamp.com/museums/americanwest/western_names/cochise/cochise.html
Ft. Apache Historic Park  http://www.wmonline.com/attract/ftapache.htm
Ft. Apache History  http://wmat.us/wmahistory.shtml
Ft. Sill Apache  http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/ok/nations/apache/apache/
Ft. Sill Apache Constitution  http://doc.narf.org/nill/Constitutions/fsconst/ftsillconsttoc.htm
Ft. Sill Apache Tribe  http://fortsillapache.com/
Geronimo  http://www.indigenouspeople.net/geronimo.htm
Geronimo, His Own Story  http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/B/geronimo/geroni1.htm
Legend of the Apache Tear  http://pr.utk.edu/ut2kids/rocks/apaches.html
Lipan Apache  http://www.indians.org/welker/lipanap.htm
Mazatzal Hotel and Casino  http://www.777play.com/Mazatzal_Casino_Tonto_Apache_Tribe.htm
Navajo/Apache Language  http://www.native-net.org/archive/ng/93/0099.html
Nnee - San Carlos Apache  http://www.sancarlosapache.com/home.htm
Post Contact Social Organization of Three Apache Tribes  http://www.jqjacobs.net/southwest/apache.html
Preserve America Community:  White Mountain Apache ...  http://www.preserveamerica.gov/3-18-04PAcommunity-whitemountainapachetribeAZ.html
Reviving Languages, Saving Cultures  http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues02/Co07132002/CO_07132002_Reviving_Languages.htm
San Carlos Apache  http://www.itcaonline.com/tribes_sancarl.html
San Carlos Apache Nation    http://www.sancarlosapache.com/
San Carlos Apache Nation Flag  http://users.aol.com/donh523/navapage/sancarl.htm
San Carlos Apache Tribe and MGIO  http://medusa.as.arizona.edu/graham/cultur.html
San Carlos Indian Reservation, Geologic Map  http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2780/
Tonto Apache  http://www.itcaonline.com/tribes_tonto.html
Tonto Apache Tribe  http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/apache/tonto.htm
Treaty with the Apache, July 1, 1852  http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/ntreaty/apa1852.htm
Western Apache  http://www.cpluhna.nau.edu/People/western_apache.htm
Western Apache Language  http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=APW
Western Apache Words  http://www.native-languages.org/apache_words.htm
White Mountain Apache Constitution  http://www.nativeamericans.com/ApacheConstitution.htm
White Mountain Apache Language  http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/TIL_12.html
White Mountain Apache Origins  http://www.saa.org/publications/saabulletin/15-5/SAA17.html
White Mountain Apache Tribe  http://www.wmat.nsn.us/
White Mountain Apache Tribe, Great Seal  http://wmat.us/sealinfo.html
White Mountain Apache ... Wolf Recovery  http://news.fws.gov/articles/WhiteMountainApache.html
Yavapai-Apache Indians  http://www.yavapai-apache.org/

Last updated 09/16/07  Copyright © 2007 by Four Directions Press