FDI - Arikara

The Arikara separated from the Pawnee before White contact. Though situated on the plains, they were a sedentary hunter/farmer nation of the Plains River Culture with permanent villages on the upper Missouri River. The Arikara were relatively peaceful and were active traders, but they still suffered greatly in conflict with other tribes as well as Whites. They Sioux were their greatest enemies. They experiences great losses from smallpox. They ultimately developed a considerable dislike for Whites.

Aboriginal Locations (Subdivisions)

NE among Skidi Pawnee

Year	*History*
1350	500 Proto-Arikara massacred at Crow Creek
1700	About the time of Arikara separation from Skidi Pawnee
1770	Opened relations with French traders
1794	Smallpox epidemic, varied accounts of result
1795	Internal feud, one band returned to Pawnee while other band migrated north to the area of the Mandan
1804	Visited by Lewis and Clark
1807	Attacked and defeated a party under Ensign Pryor
1823	Gen. Ashley of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company attacked tribe, 14 White and numerous Arikara killed
1824	Col. Leavenworth conducted fruitless revenge attack on Ree village, tribe fled to Pawnee in Nebraska for two years
1838	Smallpox epidemic killed 300, nation suffered from White depredations
1853	Traded 5,000 bushels of corn to Sioux and American Fur Company, tribe prosperous
1862	Moved to Fort Berthold
1880	Fort Berthold Reservations created
1900	Allotted lands in severalty, became citizens
1937	Affiliated with Hidatsa and Mandan

Year	Total ND Population	Source
Arrival	0	Among Pawnee in Nebraska
1700	3,000	NAHDB calculation
1780	3,000	Mooney estimate
1800	2,600	NAHDB calculation
1804	2,600	Lewis and Clark
1871	1,650	Swanton
1888	500	Swantion
1900	400	NAHDB calculation
1904	380	Census
1930	420	Census
1989	1,100	BIA estimate
2000	3,000	NAHDB calculation
2005	3,400	IHS 8,400 in tribe, NAHDB estimates 40% Arikara

Arikara Sites:

Archeology at Like-A-Fish-Hook Village http://fishhook.ndsu.edu/biblio/lffb-bib-site32ml2-archaeo.htm

Arikara http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/arikara.html

Arikara http://www.curtis-collection.com/tribe%20data/arikara.html

Arikara http://www.umsl.edu/~econed/louisiana/Am_Indians/8-Arikara/8-arikara.html

Arikara http://www.nativeamericans.com/Arikara.htm

Arikara Authors http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/t129

Arikara Creation Story http://web.telia.com/~u15508742/arikara.htm

Arikara History Brief http://www.manataka.org/page672.html

Arikara Indians http://www.nps.gov/archive/jeff/LewisClark2/TheJourney/NativeAmericans/Arikara.htm

Arikara Indians http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/record_tribes_020_5_1.html

Arikara Indians Full of Surprises for Visitors http://www.eastoregonian.info/Main.asp?SectionID=13&SubSectionID=205&ArticleID=26146

Arikara Indian Tribe History http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/nations/arikara.htm

Arikara Language http://www.mhanation.com/main/main.html

Arikara Language http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ari

Arikara - Lewis and Clark http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/native/ari.html

Arikara Linguistic Lineage http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=ari

Arikara Literature http://www.indians.org/welker/arikara.htm

Arikara Tribe - Indians with Horns http://www.legendsofamerica.com/NA-Arikara.html

Arikara Treaty http://www.utulsa.edu/law/classes/rice/Treaties/07_Stat_259_Arikara.htm

Arikara War http://www.legendsofamerica.com/NA-ArikaraWar.html

Biographical Dictionary of Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara http://lib.fbcc.bia.edu/fortberthold/TATBIO.htm

Catlin Collection http://catlinclassroom.si.edu/catlin_browsepagetribe.cfm

Crow Ghost - Arikara 1908 http://www.ushistoricalarchive.com/indians/photos/ct05073.html

Dakota/Hidatsa/Arikara Delegation Photo http://gallery.unl.edu/picinfo/8178.html

Fort Atkinson http://www.fortatkinsononline.org/FortAtkinsonahistory.htm

Fort Berthold Reservation http://bisnet.sus.edu/berthold/bert.htm

Hidatsa Mandan Arikara Earth Lodge http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/houses/hidatsa.html

Indian Paint http://www.celebhost.net/johnnycrawford/indian.html

Lewis and Clark Journal - Arikara http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/archive/resources/documents/ch09_02.htm

Lewis and Clark Meet with the Arikara http://www.eastoregonian.info/Main.asp?SectionID=13&SubSectionID=205&ArticleID=25898

Mandan, Hidatsa, Arikara: Life Along the Upper Missouri http://www.lindenmuseum.de/inhalt/mandane.html

MHA Nation http://www.mhanation.com/main/main.html

Pawnee Language http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=paw

Pawnee Language http://www.native-languages.org/pawnee.htm

Pawnee Linguistic Lineage http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=PAW

Sanish Ghost Town http://www.ghosttowns.com/states/nd/sanish.html

Three Affiliated Tribes at Fort Berthold http://www.humboldt.edu/~wrd1/legacybe.htm

Wisdom of the Elders http://www.wisdomoftheelders.org/program204.html

Wounded Hawk http://www.natureshift.org/Whawk/

Ethnie:	ARIKARA (REE, SAHNISH)
Dialect	Pawnee
Language:	Pawnee-Arikara
Family	Pawnee-Kitsai
*Stock:*	Caddoan
*Phylum:*	Macro-Siouan
*Macro-Culture:*	Great Plains