FDI - Blackfeet

The Blackfeet were a large bellicose closely related language group and culture of the Northern Plains. They slowly migrated to the Northern Plains from territories north of the Great Lake where they were sedentary hunter/farmers. Upon arriving in the Northern Plains about A.D. 1650, they became nomadic hunter/gatherers using dogs as beasts-of-burden until they acquired horses in the mid-1700's. Once in the west, they became three tribes relying heavily on buffalo for subsistence.

The tribes were constantly at war with most of their neighbors including the Northern Shoshoni, Crow, Flathead, Kootenai, and the American fur trappers until the mid-1800's. The tribes had difficulty in survival unitl after 1900.

Aboriginal Locations

North and northwest of Great Lakes

Year	*History*
1650	Approximate time of gradual arrival of Blackfeet tribes on migration to Alberta and Montana from Saskatchewan and possibly Manitoba and Ontario as a result of the domino effect of the Beaver Wars
1730	Piegans defeated in an attack by mounted Northern Shoshoni, soon acquired guns and retaliated
1748	First French trappers in area
1754	Met Anthony Hendry, had horses
1760	Smallpox epidemic
1780	Buckingham House established
1781	Piegans attacked dying Northern Shoshoni camp, contracted smallpox, 50% deaths
1784	Declared relentless war on Northern Shoshoni, Flathead, and Kootenai
1787	Fur trader David Thompson wintered and traded with the Piegan, Northwest Company began trading with the Siksika and Blood
1794	Smallpox epidemic
1806	Piegans had skirmish with Meriweather Lewis at Two Medicine River
1824	Beginning of mountain man fur trade era and state of war with trappers
1831	Alfred Jacob Miller attributed tribe to killing 30-40 trapper annually, smallpox epidemic spread to Sioux
1839	Smallpox epidemic
1840	End of mountain man fur trade era
1844	Alexander Harvey killed 30 trading Piegans
1845	Alexander Culbertson negotiated peace treaties
1846	Small Robes band of Piegans destroyed by Crow
1855	Signed peace treaties
1859	St. Peters Mission established
1865	Bloods killed 10 wood cutters
1866	Piegans defeated Crow and Groz Ventres in large scale battle
1869	Smallpox epidemic
1870	Soldiers under Col. E. M. Baker massacred 173 Piegans, only 12 men of fighting age, "Massacre on the Marias"
1877	Treaty No. 7 in Canada
1882	Blood Reserve established
1884	Buffalo exterminated on the Plains, 600 Piegans starved, buried at "Ghost Ridge"
1895	Tribe sold what is now Glacier National Park for mineral exploration
1903	Fence built around entire reservation with only three gates
1904	Cut Bank boarding school established
1909	Reservation fence removed
1915	Began raising livestock
1919	Severe drought dropped cattle prices, forc the selling of land
1934	Lost lands due to Indian Reorganization Act

Year	U.S. Population	AB	MT	SK	Source
1700	15,000	10,000	3,000	2,000	NAHDB calculation
1780	15,000				Mooney estimate
1790	8,000				Mackenzie estimate
1800	8,000	5,000	2,000	1,000	NAHDB calculation
1854	7,630				James Doty
1858	6,200				Hayden estimate
1900	5,000	2,700	2,300		NAHDB calculation
1909	4,635				Census
1923	3,124		3,124		US Indian Office
1924	2,236	2,236			Canadian Dept. of Indian Affairs
1937	4,242		4,242		BIA
1981	6,632		6,632		BIA
1989	7,719		7,719		BIA
2000	30,000	16,000	14,000		NAHDB calculation
2004	18,900	4,200	14,700		Blackfeet & Siksika Tribes
2005	12,375	12,375			Blood and Piegan Tribes

Blackfeet Sites:

Blackfeet http://www.nativestudy.com/Blackfeet.htm

Blackfeet http://www.nativeamericans.com/Blackfeet.htm

Blackfeet http://indiannations.visitmt.com/blackfeet.shtm

Blackfeet http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackfeet

Blackfeet Artists http://www.blackfeetculturecamp.com/english/artists1.html

Blackfeet Authors http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/t6

Blackfeet/Blackfoot Indian Tribe Online Records http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/blackfeet/index.htm

Blackfeet Community College http://www.bfcc.org/

Blackfeet Constitution and By-Laws http://doc.narf.org/nill/Constitutions/BlackfeetConst/bfconttoc.htm

Blackfeet History Tours and Cultural Workshops http://www.blackfeetculturecamp.com/english/learning.html

Blackfeet Indian Reservation http://indiannations.visitmt.com/categories/moreinfo.asp?IDRRecordID=736&SiteID=90

Blackfeet Indian Reservation http://montanakids.com/db_engine/presentations/presentation.asp?pid=171&sub=Tribal+Histories

Blackfeet Indian Reservation http://www.gonorthwest.com/Montana/northwest/Blackfeet_Reservation.htm

Blackfeet Indians http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/native/idx_bla.html

Blackfeet Indians http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/record_tribes_005_19_20.html

Blackfeet Indian Tribe Online Records http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/blackfeet/index.htm

Blackfeet Indian Writing Company http://www.pencilpages.com/mfg/blackfet.htm

Blackfeet Nation http://www.manataka.org/page255.html

Blackfeet Nation http://kathleen_burnett.homestead.com/Blackfoot.html

Blackfeet Tales http://www.ocbtracker.com/ladypixel/blackft.html

Blackfeet, The People http://indiannations.visitmt.com/blackfeet.shtm

Blackfeet Tribal Law and Order Code http://doc.narf.org/nill/Codes/blackfeetcode/blkftcodepre.htm

Blackfeet Tribe Immerses Students ... http://www.aaanativearts.com/article564.html

Blackfoot http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/blackfoot.html

Blackfoot http://www.everyculture.com/multi/A-Br/Blackfoot.html

Blackfoot http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7833

Blackfoot http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0807766.html

Blackfoot Confederacy http://www.aaanativearts.com/article797.html

Blackfoot Creation and Origin Myths http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/blkftcreation.html

Blackfoot History http://www.head-smashed-in.com/black.html

Blackfoot Indian Fact Sheet http://www.geocities.com/bigorrin/blackfoot_kids.htm

Blackfoot Indian Nation http://blackfeet.aaanativearts.com/

Blackfoot Indian Nations http://blackfeet.aaanativearts.com/

Blackfoot Indians http://www.utexas.edu/courses/wilson/ant304/projects/projects98/krochenskip/krochenskip.html

Blackfoot Indians http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02590d.htm

Blackfoot Language http://www.native-languages.org/blackfoot.htm

Blackfoot Language http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=BLC

Blackfoot Language and Syllabary http://www.omniglot.com/writing/blackfoot.htm

Blackfoot Linguistic Lineage http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_lang_family.asp?code=BLC

Blackfoot Nation http://www.blackfoot.org/

Blackfoot Nation http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0000802

Blackfoot Nation http://www.snowwowl.com/peopleblackfoot.html

Blackfoot Photo http://www.markreubengallery.com/bs_nativeamericans/bs_1181c.html

Blackfoot/Piegan Literature http://www.indians.org/welker/blacfeet.htm

Blackfoot Society http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7833

Blackfoot Tribe http://www.zrimsek.com/Blackfoot/Blackfoot.htm

Blackfoot Tribe Past and Present http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/blackfeet/pastpresent.htm

Blackfoot Tribe Woman and Baby Photo http://www.markreubengallery.com/bs_nativeamericans/bs_1181a.html

Blood Tribe http://www.bloodtribe.org/main.html

Browning and the Blackfeet Reservation http://www.frommers.com/destinations/glaciernationalpark/1294022024.html

Browning, Montana http://www.browningmontana.com/

Ghost Dance http://php.indiana.edu/~tkavanag/visual5.html

Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Interpretive Centre http://www.head-smashed-in.com/home.html

History of the Blackfeet Tribe http://www.neokistomi.com/blackfeet.html

Horse and the Blackfoot Indians http://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/BAE/Bulletin159/

How a Piegan Warrior Found the First Horses http://www.indians.org/welker/firsthor.htm

Lewis and Clark Blackfeet Corridor http://www.blackfeetcountry.com/blackfeetcorridor.html

Marginal Man http://www.indigenouspeople.net/margman.htm

Mountain Chief (Ninastoko) http://www.aaanativearts.com/article472.html

Neo'kis'tomi http://www.neokistomi.com

Origin of the Buffalo Dance http://www.ilhawaii.net/~stony/lore02.html

Origin of the Sweat Lodge http://www.ilhawaii.net/~stony/lore89.html

Piegan http://curtis-collection.com/tribe%20data/piegan.html

Piegan Crafts Ltd. http://www.peigancrafts.com/index.htm

Piegan Institute http://www.pieganinstitute.org/

Piegan Institute and Language School http://www.trailtribes.org/greatfalls/language.htm

Piegan War Bonnet and Coup Stick http://www.legendsofamerica.com/PicturePages/na-blackfeet2-piegan.html

Piikani http://www.angelfire.com/ar/waakomimm/peigan.html

Shrinking Reservation, The http://www.trailtribes.org/greatfalls/shrinking-reservation.htm

Siksika Nation http://www.siksikanation.com/

Siksika Nation - Treaty No. 7 http://www.treaty7.org/Article.asp?ArticleID=33

Siyeh Corporation http://www.siyehdevelopment.com/

Spanish Colonial Horses and the Plains Culture http://www.thefurtrapper.com/indian_horse.htm

Students Learn Blackfeet http://www.pieganinstitute.org/020904_students_learn.html

"They Are a Fine Outfit Those Blackfeet" http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/5aa/5aa182b.htm

Welcome to Blackfeet Country http://www.blackfeetnation.com/

*Ethnie:*	BLACKFEET (BLACKFOOT)
*Language:*	Blackfoot
*Family:*	Plains Algonquian
*Stock:*	Algonquian
*Phylum:*	Algic
*Macro-Culture:*	Great Plains