FDI - Clackamas

The Clackamas Tribes were sedentary, relied heavily on fishing, and were avid traders including the trading of slaves. The Clackamas were on the south side of the Columbia River from Tongue Point to the Cascades and on the north from the Lewis River to the Cascades. Chinookan Jargon was the lingua franca (trade language) of the region. They suffered enormously from the White influx even though they had good relations with the early White traders.

Aboriginal Locations (Villages)

OR Clackamas (?), Clowewalla (3?), Multnomah (10), Watlala (6)

WA Cathlapotle (2)

Year	*History*
1792	Visited by Robert Gray and John Boit, and later by Capt. George Vancouverr
1805	Visited by Lewis and Clark who wintered at Fort Clatsop near present Astoria
1811	Astoria founded; David Thompson explored the length of the Columbia River
1824	Smallpox epidemic
1829	Smallpox epidemic (combined with earlier epidemic reduced population 80%)
1830	Malaria epidemic
1841	Influx of Oregon Trail settlers, conflicts began
1847	Measles epidemic
1855	Yakima Reservation created
1856	Oregon Grande Ronde Reservation established
1956	Grande Ronde Reservation terminated
1974	Confederated Tribes of Grande Ronde established
2001	BIA recognized Chinook Nation of Washington

Year	U.S. Population	OR	WA	Source
1700	11,500	10,200	1,300	NAHDB calculation
1780	11,500			Mooney estimate
				Cathlapotle 1,300
				Clackamas 2,500
				Clowewalla 900
				Multnomah 3,600
				Watlala 3,200
1800	9,000	8,100	900	NAHDB calculation
1806				Lewis and Clark
				Cathlapotle 900
				Clackamas 1,800
				Clowewalla 650
				Multnomah ?
				Watlala 2,800
1900	500	500	0	NAHDB calculation (Had confederated into other tribes)
2000	2,000	2,0000	0	NAHDB calculation
2001	2,000			Upon federal recognition

Clackamas Tribes Sites:

Buried Treasure: Archeologists ... http://www.tdn.com/articles/2004/12/11/area_news/news03.txt

Capitalizing the Chinook http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/InNews/fishnews0632004.htm

Cathlapotle Plank House Pole Raising Ceremony http://www.lewisriver.com/ridgefield/wildlife/cathlapotle/postraising/

Chief of the Multnomah Tribe http://www.nationalacademy.org/perm/macneil.html

Chinook http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/chinook.html

Chinook Student Project http://www.chenowith.k12.or.us/tech/subject/social/natam_or/chinook.html

Chinook Artifacts Found http://data2.itc.nps.gov/digest/headline.cfm?type=Announcements&id=3117&urlarea=npsnews

Chinook Authors http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/t143

Chinook Book http://chinookjargon.home.att.net/phillips.htm

Chinook Dictionary, Catechism, Prayers, and Hymns http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/mtq?doc=04222

Chinook Indian http://www.chinookindian.com/

Chinook Indian Hat http://lewisandclarktrail.com/indianhat.htm

Chinook Indian Jargon http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/chinook/chinookindianhist.htm

Chinook Indians http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/native/chi.html

Chinook Indians http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/record_tribes_083_14_3.html

Chinook Jargon http://www.ydli.org/bcother/chinook.htm

Chinook Jargon http://www.1st-hand-history.org/Hibben/album1.html

Chinook Jargon http://www.fortlangley.ca/Chinook%20Jargon/time.html

Chinook Jargon and How to Use It http://chinookjargon.home.att.net/shaw.htm

Chinook Language http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=chh

Chinook Linguistic Lineage http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=CHH

Chinook Literature http://www.indians.org/welker/chinook.htm

Chinook Literature http://www.indigenouspeople.net/chinook.htm

Chinook Nation http://chinooknation.org/

Chinook Native Americans Student Project http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/schools/travilahes/stwork03/writing/Chinook.pdf

Chinook People http://www.angelfire.com/realm/shades/nativeamericans/chinook.htm

Chinook Rudiments http://chinookjargon.home.att.net/ljcr24.htm

Chinook Texts http://www.sacred-texts.com/nam/nw/chinook/

Chinook Tribe Student Project http://www.beavton.k12.or.us/jacob_wismer/leahy/2003/native_american_posters/chinook.htm

Chinook Tribes http://logos.uoregon.edu/explore/oregon/chtribes.html

Chinook Wawa Language http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=CRW

Clackamas People http://www.usgennet.org/alhnorus/ahorclak/clackamas.html

Coyote and Multnomah Falls http://www.ilhawaii.net/~stony/lore25.html

Dictionary of Chinook Jargon http://chinookjargon.home.att.net/gibbs.htm

Dictionary of Chinook Jargon http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/mtq?doc=14272

First People of Clackamas County http://www.usgennet.org/alhnorus/ahorclak/indians.html

Legend of Multnomah Falls http://lewisandclarktrail.com/section4/orcities/portland/legend/

Legend of the Chinook Indians http://www.hprcc.unl.edu/nebraska/stuproj/ametf99/wenzl/chinook.html

Legends of Vancouver http://www.robirda.com/chinooktalk.html

Lewis and Clark Bicentennial http://www.astoria-usa.com/lewis-clark.html

Lewis and Clark Bicentennial Mural http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/lewisclark/painting.html

Lewis and Clark: Chinook on the Columbia http://www.washingtonhistory.org/wshm/lewisandclark/chinook-drawings.htm

Lower Chinookan Language http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=CHH

Lower Columbia River Indains http://schools.gorge.net/hrcsd/westside/4mchinookmaddie.htm

Northwest: Chinookan Culture and Ethnobotany http://www.fourdir.com/northwest_chinookan_culture.htm

Once Dying Chinook Language ... http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues04/Co06192004/CO_06192004_Chinook_Language.htm

Potlatch of the Northwest Coast http://www.santarosa.edu/museum/potlatch.htm

She Who Watches http://www.ochcom.org/chinook

Tenas Wawa - Chinook Jargon http://www.wrvmuseum.org/journal/journal_0702.htm

Upper Chinookan http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=WAC

US Recognizes Chinook Tribe http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1099968.stm

Watlala Indian Tribe http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/chinook/watlalaindianhist.htm

*Ethnie:*	CLACKAMAS TRIBES
*Language:*	Upper Chinookan
*Family:*	Chinookan
*Stock:*	Chinookan
*Phylum:*	Penutian
*Macro-Culture:*	Northwestern