FDI - Columbia

FOUR DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE

Columbia

*Ethnie:*	COLUMBIA (SINKIUSE)
*Language:*	Columbia-Wenatchi
*Family:*	Southern Interior Salish
*Stock:*	Salishan
*Phylum:*	Mosan
*Macro-Culture:*	Northwest Plateau

Speakers

5 or fewer

1999 McDonald

The Columbia were semi-sedentary hunter/gatherer tribes or the Northwestern Plateau. They were located on the east side of the Columbia River from Fort Okanogan to Point Eaton. They traded with the first Whites to arrive, but ultimately had conflicts with and suffered from the later settlers. They briefly had a reservation called the Columbia Reservation but were finally settled on and confederated into the Colville Reservation.

Aboriginal Locations (Subdivisions)

WA (3 to 7 bands)

Oregon Present Locations

WA Colville Reservation, Nespelem

Year	*History*
1781	Smallpox epidemic
1809	David Thompson established Kullyspell House trading post on Lake Pend d'Orielle
1810	David Thompson established Spokane House
1811	David Thompson explored the length of the Columbia River
1841	Influx of Oregon Trail settlers began, conflicts followed
1853	Smallpox epidemic
1855	Major Heller and 100 men routed in battle by a joint force of Yakimas, Columbians, Wanapams, Wallawallas, Palousas, and Spokanes ... "Toppenish Fight"
1870	Located on the east side of the Columbia just below Grand Coulee
1872	Lake Chelan Earthquake, gases emitted, numerous deaths, no child under age 2 survived
1883	Treaty with Chief Moses

Year	U.S. Population	Source
1700	800	NAHDB calculation
1780	800	Mooney estimate
1800	500	NAHDB calculation
1900	350	NAHDB calculation (Had confederated into Colville)
1904	355	US Indian Office
1908	299	Swanton
2000	0	NAHDB calculation

Other speakers of the same language:

Methow, Wenatchee

Columbia Sites:

Changing Columbia Basin http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/anth481/sal/crintro1.htm

Chief Moses ... http://www.ghosttownsusa.com/bttales23.htm

Columbian Indinan Language http://www.native-languages.org/columbian.htm

Columbia Treaty with Chief Moses http://www.ccrh.org/comm/river/treaties/moses.htm

Columbia-Wenatchi Language http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=COL

Columbia-Wenatchi Linguistic Lineage http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=COL

Cultures Clash: The Land Grab http://www.ccrh.org/comm/moses/cultures1.html

Ethnobotany of Middle Columbia Native Americans http://www.cwnp.org/ethnobot2.html

Lake Chelan and Wapato Point History http://www.wapatopoint.com/history.html

Lake Chelan Earthquake of 1872 http://www.pnsn.org/HIST_CAT/1872/Weston/washington/lkchelan2.html

Natives of the Northwest and their Legacy http://www.pbase.com/mad_monte1/natives_of_the_pacific_northwest

Northwest Plateau Culture and Ethnobotany http://www.fourdir.com/northwest_plateau_culture.htm

Oregon Trail http://linnhistory.peak.org/1853/1853immore.html

Sinkiuse Indian Tribe http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/salish/sinkiusehits.htm

Splawn, Andrew J. ,,, http://pw1.netcom.com/~carpentg/aj.html