Creek Confederacy
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FOUR
DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE
Creek Confederacy |
| Ethnie: | CREEK CONFEDERACY |
| Language: | Muskogee |
| Family: | Muskogee |
| Stock: | Muskogee |
| Phylum: | Algic |
| Macro-Culture: | Eastern Woodlands |
| Speakers | None |
| The Creek Confederacy formed with the uniting of the Muskhogee and Guale after the Yamasee Wars. Some of the surviving Yamasee eventually joined them as well. They became a large hunter/farmer nation/confederacy dominated by the Muskhogee. They were constantly at war with neighboring tribes and Whites as well. They were early divided geographically into two parts, the Upper Creek on the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers, and the Lower Creeks (not to be confused with the Seminole) on the Chatahoochee and Ocmulgee. |
| Some Natchez joined the confederacy after being routed by the French and Choctaw. Small groups of Apalachee, Tamathli, and Coushatta joined as a result of pressure from Whites and other tribes. The Tawasa, Apalachicola, Okmulgee, Hitchiti, Muklasa, and Osochi accompanied the Creeks to Indian Territory. The Chiaha joined the confederacy in Oklahoma after the Civil War. |
| The Creeks helped the British in both the French and Indian War (1754) and the American Revolution (1776). They fought the United States in the Creek-American War (1813). Most were relocated to the Indian Territory (Oklahoma), though many remain in their aboriginal territories. |
| Aboriginal Locations: Subdivisions (Villages) |
| Confederacy formed after European arrival |
|
| Year | History |
| 1703 | Muskhogee allied with British in Apalachee War |
| 1715 | South Carolina census; Guale joined 6,522 with Muskhogee to form Creek Confederacy; Creeks began killing traders; Cherokee mass murder of Creek mission at Tugalo |
| 1733 | Two year Creek-Choctaw war |
| 1754 | Helped British in French and Indian War |
| 1763 | Ceded eastern lands |
| 1766 | Creek-Choctaw war |
| 1768 | Chickasaw sided with Choctaw in war against Creek |
| 1776 | Helped British in Revolutionary War |
| 1813 | Creek-American War, killed 400 Settlers at Fort Mims GA |
| 1814 | Totally defeated at Horseshoe Bend, considerable losses, many joined Seminole |
| 1821 | Treaty of Indian Springs ceded 5 million acres between Chatahoochie and Flint Rivers |
| 1825 | Treaty ceded lands |
| 1830 | Removal Act signed by Andrew Jackson |
| 1838 | Relocation to Oklahoma |
| 1904 | Creek Nation divided up between 49 townships with capital in Okmulgee |
| 1906 | Oklahoma statehood |
| Year | Total Pop. | AL | GA | OK | Source | |
| 1700 | 0 | NAHDB calculation | ||||
| 1715 | 6,522 | South Carolina census: Guale and Muskogee confederated | ||||
| 1800 | 10,000 | 9,300 | 700 | NAHDB calculation | ||
| 1857 | 15,000 | Census | ||||
| 1900 | 13,000 | 700 | 12,300 | NAHDB calculation | ||
| 1919 | 12,000 | Official | ||||
| 1923 | 11,952 | US Indian Office | ||||
| 1930 | 9,038 | Census | ||||
| 1973 | 15,480 | BIA statistics | ||||
| 1981 | 37,679 | BIA | ||||
| 1989 | 57,704 | BIA estimate | ||||
| 2000 | 71,000 | Census | ||||
| 2000 | 71,000 | 1,000 | 70,000 | NAHDB calculation |
Analysis of
Confederation
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| Other speakers of the same language: |
| Guale, Muskhogee, Seminole |
Last updated 10/31/07 Copyright © 2007 by Four Directions Press