Hasinai
|
FOUR
DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE
Hasinai |
| Ethnie: | HASINAI |
| Language: | Hasinai |
| Family | Caddo |
| Stock: | Gulf Caddo |
| Phylum: | Caddo |
| Macro-Culture: | Texas |
|
| The ancestors of the Hasinai were the great mound cultures of the region west of the southern stretches of the Mississippi River. They were advanced peaceful hunter//farmers when first met by the Spanish. They were located in northeastern Texas between the headwaters of teh Neches and Trinity Rivers. They suffered greatly from White introduced diseases and violence. Ultimately, all of the Caddoan speaking tribes confederated into the Caddo in Oklahoma. Only about 25% of the surviving tribe reside on tribal lands in Oklahoma. Most ranged across the country as a result of the Great Depression and World War II. |
| Aboriginal Locations (Subdivisions, #of villages) |
| TX Anadarko, Hainai, Nabedache, Nacachau, Nacaniche, Nacau, Nacagdoche, Nacono, Nasayaha, Nasoni, Nechaui, Neche |
|
| Year | History |
| 1542 | Reached by De Soto's men after his death on their way back to Mexico |
| 1687 | Visited by LaSalle who was murdered there by one of his people |
| 1690 | Spanish missions established at the Nebedache village and others |
| 1691 | Smallpox epidemic |
| 1719 | All missions abandoned in anticipation of French attack, but reopened two years later, later yet, missions removed to San Antonio |
| 1855 | Joined by Louisiana Caddo, all placed on Brazos reservation |
| 1859 | Fled to Oklahoma due to White violence, confederated with Caddo |
| Year | Total Population | OK | TX | Source | |
| 1690 | 4,500 | 4,500 | Mooney estimate | ||
| 1700 | 4,500 | 4,500 | NAHDB calculation | ||
| 1716 | 4,500 | Don Diego Ramon | |||
| 1800 | 1,000 | 1,000 | NAHDB calculation | ||
| 1851 | 350 | 350 | Stem estimate | ||
| 1876 | 150 | 150 | US Indian Office (enumerated with Caddo) | ||
| 1900 | - | NAHDB calculation | |||
| 2000 | - | NAHDB calculation |
| Other speakers of the same language: |
| Caddo, Natchitoches |
Last updated 03/19/08 Copyright © 2008 by Four Directions Press