FOUR DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE

 

Hidatsa

  

 

Ethnie: HIDATSA (MINNETARES, GROS VENTRE)
Dialect Hidatsa
Language: Crow-Hidatsa
Family Missouri Valley
Stock: Siouan
Phylum: Macro-Siouan
Macro-Culture: Great Plains
Speakers                              100 (1986) SIL
     The Hidatsa were a sedentary Plains River Culture hunter/farmer tribe.  Their villages were situated in North Dakota along the Missouri River between the Heart and Little Missouri Rivers.  They had moved there from Devil's Lake sometime prior to White arrival.  They were active traders.  Lewis and Clark found them on the Knife River.  They were allied from their close allies, the Mandan.  The Crow separated from the Hidatsa in two fissions in the 16th and 18th centuries.
Aboriginal Locations (Subdivisions)
Mit-the-ro'ka ('knife'), Min-ne-pä-ta ('water'), Bäho-hä'-ta (`lodge'),  Seech-ka-be-ruh-pä'ka (`prairie chicken'), E-tish-sho'-ka ('hill people'), Ah-nali-ha-nä'-me-te (an unknown animal), E-ku'-pä-be-ka ('bonnet').
Present Locations
ND  Fort Berthold Reservation, New Town
Year History
1450 Mountain Crow separated from the Hidatsa (approximate date)
1776 River Crow separated from the Hidatsa (may have been much earlier)
1805 Visited by Lewis and Clark on the Knife River
1837 Smallpox epidemic, huge losses, tribe consolidated into one village
1845 Moved to area of present Fort Berthold
1851 Treaty of Ft. Laramie defined land boundaries; territory of Arikara, Mandan, and Hidatsa called Ft. Berthold; territory included parts of Montana, Wyoming, and North and South Dakota 
1891 Executive Orders reduced size of reservation from 13.5 million acres to .9 million acres
1954 Lost 152 thousand acres to Lake Sakakawea; stress caused considerable subsequent movement off of the reservation
Year Total ND Population Source
1700 6,500 NAHDB calculation (included Crow)
1780 2,500 Mooney estimate (Crow had separated)
1800 2,00 NAHDB calculation
1805 2,100 Lewis and Clark
1900 500 NAHDB calculation 
1905 471 Official
1910 547 Census
1923 528 US Indian Office
1930 528 Census
1937 731 US Indian Office
1989 1,000 BIA estimate
2000 1,100 NAHDB calculation
Other speakers of the same language:
Crow
Hidatsa Sites:
Brothers Lead Efforts to Save Dying Hidatsa Language  http://www.in-forum.com/specials/DyingTongues/index.cfm?page=article&id=38550&tribe=Hidatsa
Buffalo Bird Woman's Garden  http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/buffalo/garden/garden-I.html
Dakota/Hidatsa/Arikara Delegation Photo  http://gallery.unl.edu/picinfo/8178.html
Fort Atkinson  http://www.fortatkinsononline.org/FortAtkinsonahistory.htm
Garden Coulee  http://www.cr.nps.gov/mwac/garden_coulee/history.htm
Hidatsa  http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/hidatsa.html
Hidatsa  http://www.nativeamericans.com/Hidatsa.htm
Hidatsa Authors  http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/t162
Hidatsa Economy  http://www.everyculture.com/North-America/Hidatsa-Economy.html
Hidatsa Indian  http://www.old-picture.com/indians/Hidatsa-Indian-Brave.htm
Hidatsa Indians  http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~landc/2003/projects/projects2001/indianwomen/asimon.html
Hidatsa Indians  http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/native/idx_hid.html
Hidatsa Indian Tribe History  http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/siouan/hidatsahist.htm
Hidatsa Language  http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hid
Hidatsa Language  http://www.native-languages.org/hidatsa.htm
Hidatsa Linguistic Lineage  http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=hid
Hidatsa Mandan Arikara Earth Lodge  http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/houses/hidatsa.html
Hidatsa Member Refines True Story of Sacajewea  http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues03/Co10182003/CO_10182003_Sacagawea.htm
Hidatsa Village Site - Knife River Indian Village NHS  http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM337M
Hidatsu Tribe - North Dakota Pioneers  http://www.legendsofamerica.com/NA-Hidatsa.html
Kinship and Clans of Hidatsa and Mandan  http://lib.fbcc.bia.edu/FortBerthold/Clans.htm
Knife River Indian Villages NHP  http://www.nativeamericans.com/Hidatsa.htm
Lewis & Clark - Tribes - Mandan  http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/record_tribes_007_5_2.html
Mandan/Arikara Photo  http://gallery.unl.edu/picinfo/8162.html
MHA Nation  http://www.mhanation.com/main/history.html
Mossett Brings Respect to Sacajewea  http://www.nathpo.org/News/Lewis_Clark/News_Lewis12.htm
Rattles and Thrapples  http://www.lewis-clark.org/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=1245
Sacajewea  http://www.linecamp.com/museums/americanwest/western_names/sacajawea/sacajawea.html
Sacajewea  http://www.lycos.com/info/sacajawea.html
Sacajewea ...  http://www.lewisandclarktrail.com/sacajawea.htm
Sacajewea Before the Expedition  http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/sacajawea/section1.html
Sacajewea Mystique  http://www.washingtonhistory.org/wshm/lewisandclark/sacagawea.htm
Sacajewea's Life Leaves Questions  http://www.bismarcktribune.com/lewisclark/1998/sakakmystery.html
Sacajewea?  Sakakawea?  Sacagawea?  http://blort.net/subs/opins/sacagawea.htm
Sun Dance  http://www.indigenouspeople.net/sundance.htm
Three Affiliated Tribes Earthlodge Dwelling
Turtle Island Storyteller Calvin Grinnell  http://www.turtleislandstorytellers.net/tis_north_dakota/transcript01_c_grinnell.htm
White Man's Road is Easier  http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/90/
Who Was Sacajewea?  http://www.wisegeek.com/who-is-sacagawea.htm

Last updated 03/26/08  Copyright © 2008 by Four Directions Press