Hupa
|
FOUR
DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE
Hupa |
|
| Ethnie: | HUPA |
| Language: | Hupan |
| Family: | Pacific Coast Athapaskan |
| Stock: | Athapaskan |
| Phylum: | Na-Dena |
| Macro-Culture: | Northwest California |
|
| The Hupa were sedentary hunter/gatherers that relied heavily on salmon fishing. They were located on the middle course of the Trinity River and on the New River. Their rich area, though small, was densely populated. They suffered from the White influx but held much of their territory. |
| Aboriginal Locations |
| 26 villages |
| Present Locations |
| CA BIG BEND RANCHERIA, Big Bend |
| ELK VALLEY RANCHERIA, Crescent City |
| HOOPA VALLEY RESERVATION, Hoopa |
| Year | History |
| 1828 | Visited by Jedediah Smith and other trappers |
| 1850 | Influx of prospectors |
| 1851 | Visited by McKee, treaty established reservation |
| 1858 | Fort Gaston established in Hoopa Valley |
| 1859 | Began resistance of White influx |
| 1864 | Peace and friendship treaty negotiated with the United States |
| 1869 | Granted Hoopa Valley |
| 1876 | Boundaries of Hoopa Valley Reservation established by Executive Order |
| 1891 | Boundaries further expanded to connect with Yurok Reservation by Executive Order |
| 1988 | Hoopa-Yurok Settlement Act divided lands |
| Year | Population | Source |
| 1700 | 1,000 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1770 | 1,000 | Kroeber estimate |
| 1800 | 1,000 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1848 | 1,000 | Cook estimate |
| 1851 | 1,000 | Kroeber estimate |
| 1852 | 900 | Cook estimate |
| 1880 | 500 | Cook estimate |
| 1900 | 500 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1906 | 420 | Kelsey census |
| 1910 | 500 | Census |
| 1937 | 575 | US Indian Office |
| 1962 | 992 | California Commission on Indian Affairs |
| 1981 | 1,816 | Calculated from BIA data |
| 2000 | 2,000 | NAHDB calculation |
| 2007 | 2,500 | All Hoopa Valley residents per tribe |
| Other speakers of the same language: |
| Chilula, Whilcut |
Last updated 08/10/07 Copyright © 2007 by Four Directions Press