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FOUR
DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE
Inuit |
| Ethnie: | INUIT |
| Languages (Speakers): | Eastern Canadian Inuktitut (14,000), Western Canadian Inuktitut (4,000) |
| Family: | Eskimo |
| Stock: | Eskimo-Aleut |
| Phylum: | Eskimo-Aleut |
| Macro-Culture: | Alaska |
| The Eskimo and Inuit were and are a loose confederation of family groups ranging from Siberia to Greenland. They crossed into North America from Siberia about 3,000 BC. They were, for the most part, arctic maritime hunters. They experienced minimal White contact due to their sparsely populated vast arctic territory. |
| Subdivisions (# of Groups) | ||||||||||||
|
| Year | History |
| 4000 B.P. | Pre-Dorset migration from Asia through Alaska into Canada |
| 2800 B.P. | Dorset culture replaced Pre-Dorset |
| 900 | Whaling Thule culture settled (900 to 1300) from Alaska to Greenland displacing Dorset culture |
| 1000 | First encountered by Norse settlers in Greenland |
| 1576 | Discovered by Frobisher in search for northwest passage |
| 17XX | Danes resettled Greenland; Russia and western Eskimo opened relations; Labrador Inuits missionized by Moravians |
| 1750 | Present Inuit and Eskimo cultures replaced Thule culture which was destroyed by "little ice age" |
| 1795 | Central Eskimos met by Hearne overland from the south |
| 1871 | US purchased Alaska, Hudson Bay Company began establishing posts |
| 1914 | Stafansson explorations |
| 1922 | Jenness explorations |
| 1950 | Big Diomedes Island (USSR) Eskimos removed to mainland by Soviet government |
| 1975 | James Bay Agreement for hydro-electric development |
| 1982 | Inuit Broadcasting Corporation created |
| 1992 | Canadian Territory of Nunavut conceived primarily for the Eskimauan peoples comprising much of the Northwest Territories. |
| Year | Population | NF | NT | PQ | Source | |
| 1700 | 37,000 | 3,000 | 24,000 | 10,000 | NAHDB calculation | |
| 1700 | 37,000 | Swanton | ||||
| 1800 | 37,000 | 3,000 | 24,000 | 10,000 | NAHDB calculation | |
| 1900 | 36,000 | 3,000 | 23,000 | 10,000 | NAHDB calculation | |
| 1922 | 35,000 | Jeness estimate | ||||
| 1981 | BIA | |||||
| 2000 | NAHDB calculation |
| Other speakers of the same language: |
| None |
| Inuit Sites |
| Arctic Bay http://www.qikiqtani.nu.ca/english/communications-community-profiles-arctic-bay.html |
| Arviat Inuit Art http://www.arviathotel.com/arviat-inuit-art.htm |
| Broughton Island http://www.bivouac.com/ArxPg.asp?ArxId=1112 |
| Cambridge Bay Inuit Art http://www.cambridgebayhotel.com/cambridge-bay-inuit-art.htm |
| Canadian Inuit History http://www.civilization.ca/educat/oracle/modules/dmorrison/page01_e.html |
| Chesterfield Inlet http://www.kivalliq.org/eng/chester.html |
| Chesterfield Inlet Catholic Mission http://www.arcticomi.ca/turquetil.html |
| Clyde River http://ilm.gospelcom.net/reserves/nwt/pro_nt10.php |
| Clyde River http://www.qikiqtani.nu.ca/english/communications-community-profiles-clyde-river.html |
| Clyde River, Nunavut http://atlas.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/nunavut_communities/clyder.html |
| Coppermine River http://www.blackfeather.com/canoe/canoe_coppermine.htm |
| Coral Harbour Catholic Mission http://www.arcticomi.ca/2coral.html |
| Coral Harbour Inuit Artists http://www.coralharbourhotel.com/coral-harbour-inuit-artists.htm |
| Coral Harbour, Nunavut http://www.kivalliq.org/eng/coral.html |
| Drum Dancing Story http://www.angelfire.com/realm/shades/nativeamericans/inuitdrumdance.htm |
| Eastern Canadian Inuktitut http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ike |
| Eskimo-Aleut Language Family Tree http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=91177 |
| Eskimo Inuit Art http://www.freespiritgallery.ca/ |
| Gjoa Haven Catholic Mission http://www.arcticomi.ca/2gjoa.html |
| Gjoa Haven Inuit Art http://www.gjoahaven.com/gjoa-haven-inuit-art.htm |
| Grise Fiord http://www.qikiqtani.nu.ca/english/communications-community-profiles-grise-fiord.html |
| Grise Fiord Pictures http://www.arcticcircle.ca/Baffin/Grise/ |
| Hall Beach Catholic Mission http://www.arcticomi.ca/2hall.html |
| Hall Beach, Nunavut http://www.explorenorth.com/library/communities/canada/nunavut/hallbe.html |
| History of the Nunavut Inuit http://www.kstrom.net/isk/canada/images/can_arct.htm |
| Hopedale http://www.ourlabrador.ca/member.php?id=4 |
| Hopedale http://www.wright-photo.com/hopedale1.htm |
| Hopedale http://home.thezone.net/~nanuk/webdoc3.htm |
| ICC Language Commission http://www.inuit.org/index.asp?lang=eng&num=207 |
| Igloolik http://www.qikiqtani.nu.ca/english/communications-community-profiles-igloolik.html |
| Igloolik Catholic Mission http://www.arcticomi.ca/2igloolik.html |
| Inuit http://www.athropolis.com/links/inuit.htm |
| Inuit ... http://www.houston-north-gallery.ns.ca/inuit_indians.htm |
| Inuit and Arctic Peoples http://www.kstrom.net/isk/canada/images/can_arct.htm |
| Inuit Authors http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/t167 |
| Inuit Broadcasting Corporation http://inuit.iquebec.com/pages/3c.htm |
| Inuit History http://teacher.scholastic.com/researchtools/articlearchives/arctic/history.htm |
| Inuit Nation http://www.canadopedia.com/first-nations/inuit/ |
| Inuit Native Americans http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/schools/travilahes/stwork03/writing/Inuit.pdf |
| Inuit of Quebec http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/qc/aqc/art/inuits_e.html |
| Inuit Post-contact History http://www.heritage.nf.ca/aboriginal/inuit_history.html |
| Inuit Regions http://www.itk.ca/5000-year-heritage/regions.php |
| Inuit Sculpture from Baker Lake http://www.houston-north-gallery.ns.ca/baker_lake_sculpture_a3828.htm |
| Inuit Sculpture from Cape Dorset http://www.houston-north-gallery.ns.ca/inuit_sculpture_ju3083.htm |
| Inuktitut http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut |
| Iqaluit Catholic Mission http://www.arcticomi.ca/2iqaluit.html |
| Kugaardjuq School http://www.polarnet.ca/~pellybay/ |
| Lake Harbour Inuit Musk Ox Carving http://www.pilarshephard.com/?page=collections§ion=inuit&img_no=110 |
| Makkovik Christmas http://www.hvgb.net/~sedna/christmasmakkovik.html |
| Nain http://home.thezone.net/~nanuk/webdoc5.htm |
| Nanisivik Catholic Mission http://www.arcticomi.ca/2arcticbay.html |
| Oonark, Jessie, Artist http://www.uleth.ca/artgallery/TWAM/vr1/BioOonark.htm |
| Pangnirtung Inuit Sculpture http://www.houston-north-gallery.ns.ca/pangnirtung_sculpture.htm |
| Pelly Bay Catholic Church http://www.arcticomi.ca/2kugaaruk.html |
| Pelly Bay Inuit Sculpture http://www.houston-north-gallery.ns.ca/inuit_sculpture_a1449.htm |
| Pelly Bay, Nunavut http://atlas.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/nunavut_communities/pelbay.html |
| Pond Inlet http://www.explorenorth.com/library/communities/canada/nunavut/pondin.html |
| Pond Inlet Catholic Church http://www.arcticomi.ca/2pondinlet.html |
| Pond Inlet Inuit Sculptures http://www.inuit-art.ca/ |
| Prehistoric Inuit Cultures http://www.usask.ca/education/ideas/tplan/sslp/pre.htm |
| Rankin Inlet http://www.kivalliq.org/eng/rankin.html |
| Rankin Inlet Catholic Church http://www.arcticomi.ca/2rankin.html |
| Repulse Bay http://www.explorenorth.com/library/communities/canada/nunavut/repuls.html |
| Repulse Bay http://www.kivalliq.org/eng/repulse.html |
| Repulse Bay Art http://www.repulsebayhotel.com/repulse-bay-inuit-artists.htm |
| Repulse Bay Catholic Church http://www.arcticomi.ca/2repulse.html |
| Resolute Bay http://www.earth.rochester.edu/pmag/arctic/arctic2000/Arctic2000-5.html |
| Resolute Bay Igloo http://www.alaskastock.com/resultsframe.asp?inline=true&image=406AB+AD0001+002&wwwflag=3&imagepos=5 |
| Resolute Bay Inuit Art http://www.earth.rochester.edu/pmag/arctic/arctic2000/Arctic2000-5.html |
| Rigolet http://www.ourlabrador.ca/member.php?id=9 |
| Rigolet http://project.smartlabrador.ca/home.php?page=68 |
| Sanikiluaq http://www.mitiq.com/sanikiluaq-nunavut.htm |
| Sanikiluaq Inuit Carvings http://www.mitiq.com/sanikiluaq-inuit-artists.htm |
| Sanikiluaq Whale Carving http://www.houston-north-gallery.ns.ca/inuit_sculpture_a3615.htm |
| Spence Bay http://www.donmeredith.ca/Arctic/Arctic06.html |
| Spence Bay Catholic Mission http://www.arcticomi.ca/2taloyoak.html |
| Taloyoak Inuit Art http://www.taloyoak.com/taloyoak-inuit-art.htm |
| Tuktoyaktuk Pictures http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-482072-action-pictures-tuktoyaktuk_vacations-i |
| Western Canadian Inuktitut http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ikt |
| Whale Baleen Basket http://www.simplybaskets.com/Baleen_Basket_Ivory_Whale_Tail.html |
| Whale Cove http://www.explorenorth.com/library/communities/canada/nunavut/whale.html |
| Whale Cove http://www.kivalliq.org/eng/whale.html |
| Whale Cove Catholic Mission http://www.arcticomi.ca/2whale.html |
| Wild Arctic Musk Ox Harvest ... http://www.hillsfoods.com/article1.html |
Last updated 10/26/05 Copyright © 2005 by Four Directions Press