FDI - Kiowa Apache

The Kiowa Apache were a nomadic, sometimes predatory, hunter/gatherer tribe. They lived generally in southern Montana at the head of the Missouri River. Their traditions indicate they migrated there along with the Kiowa from the north. They and the Kiowa were driven from their Montana territories probably by the Arapaho about 1700.

The tribes first settled in the Black Hills about 1775. Lewis and Clark later found them on the North Platte River in Colorado. Once they finally migrated to the Southern Plains, they allied with the Comanche (1832) and began to prey on the sedentary tribes and White settlers of that region. It was then too that they began their annual Sun Dances. Subsequent to 1850, the fortunes of the Kiowa and Kiowa Apache followed those of the Comanche.

Aboriginal Locations

MT Subdivisions: 1

Year	*History*
1700	Removed from Montana and Wyoming where the tribe was allied with the Crow
1748	Living on upper Platte and Arkansas Rivers, mentioned as enemy of New Mexico
1775	Had migrated to the Black Hills, thereafter known to visit Hidatsa, Arikara, and Mandan on Missouri River; learned the Sun Dance from the Hidatsa
1785-1805	Driven from Black Hills by Dakota and Cheyenne
1805	Reported by Lewis and Clark as living on the North Platte (Colorado), had war with Comanche over land on the Arkansas River but later made peace and the two tribes joined in raids on frontier settlements in Texas and as far south as Durango, Mexico
1815	Moved further down the Platte to the Colorado/Nebraska border
1829	Moved to "home country", claimed along with Comanche country encompassing present El Reno OK, Wichita KA, Las Animas CO, Clayton NM, and Tascosa TX; began practicing Sun Dance
1833	Suffered massacre by the Osage
1836	War party of 100 Comanche, Caddo, Kiowa, and Wichita attacked with Fort Parker, probably after having been swindled on a horse deal, killed 5 and captured 5 including 9 year old Cynthia Ann Parker, future mother of Quanah Parker
1837	Treaty with US at Fort Gibson
1839	Smallpox epidemic
1840	Made peace with the Cheyenne and Arapaho
1862	Smallpox epidemic
1864	Kit Carson attacked Kiowa, Kiowa Apache, and Comanche at Adobe Walls and destroyed winter stores
1865	Medicine Lodge Treaty set aside reservation Kiowa, Kiowa Apache and Comanche including Oklahoma land and all of Texas panhandle, 39 million acres
1867	All of Texas land and part of Oklahoma land in second Medicine Lodge Treaty, retained 2.9 million acres

1872	4th Cavalry killed 30, captured 124 at McClellan Creek, MacKenzie attack at Palo Duro Canyon, killed 8, captured 1,500 horses
1874	Settled on land after the last outbreak of the Southern Plains tribes at Adobe Walls, Red River War
1875	Quanah Parker became chief of the Comanche, Kiowa Apache, and Kiowa and became a federal judge
1892	Measles epidemic
1903	Quanah, Acme, and Pacific Railroad founded

*Ethnie:*	KIOWA APACHE
*Language:*	Kiowa Apache
*Family:*	Eastern Apachean
*Stock:*	Apachean
*Phylum:*	Na-Dene
*Macro-Culture:*	Great Plains

Year	Total Population	CO	MT	OK	Source
1700	300		300		NAHDB calculation
1780	300				Mooney estimate
1800	300	300			NAHDB calculation
1900	150			150	NAHDB calculation
1910	139				Census
1930	184				US Indian Office
1989	832			832	BIA estimate
2000					NAHDB calculation