Lake
|
FOUR
DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE
Lake |
| Ethnie: | LAKE (SENIJEXTEE) |
| Language: | Kalispel-Pend d'Orielle |
| Family: | Southern Interior Salish |
| Stock: | Interior Salish |
| Phylum: | Salishan |
| Macro-Culture: | Northwest Plateau |
|
| The Lake were hunter/gatherer tribes of the Northwestern Plateau which were closely related to the Kalispel. Prehistorically, the tribe was driven south from Canada by the Cree and Athapaskan tribes. They lived on both sides of the Columbia River above Kettle Falls to above the Canadian border, in the valley of the Kettle River, on the Kootenay from its mouth to the first falls and in the region of Arrow Lake in British Columbia. They are now enumerated with the Colville. |
| Aboriginal Locations (Subdivisions) |
| BC (10%), ID (90%) |
|
| Year | History |
| 1781 | Smallpox epidemic |
| 1805 | Nay have been the Lahanna of Lewis and Clark |
| 1809 | David Thompson established Kullyspell House trading post on Lake Pend d'Orielle |
| 1810 | David Thompson established Spokane House |
| 1811 | David Thompson explored the length of the Columbia River |
| 1820 | Fort Colville trading post established in territories |
| 1841 | Influx of Oregon Trail settlers began, conflicts followed |
| 1846 | Jesuit Fr. Adrian Hoeken began Christianization of tribe |
| 1872 | Confederated onto Colville Reservation |
| Year | U.S. Population | BC | WA | Source | |
| 1700 | 500 | 100 | 400 | NAHDB calculation | |
| 1780 | 500 | 100 | 400 | Mooney estimate | |
| 1800 | 500 | 100 | 400 | NAHDB calculation | |
| 1872 | 239 | When confederated onto Colville Reservation | |||
| 1900 | 0 | NAHDB calculation (enumerated with Colville) | |||
| 1910 | 785 | Census on Colville Reservation) | |||
| 2000 | 0 | NAHDB calculation |
| Other speakers of the same language: |
| Kalispel |
| Lake Sites: |
| Colville Indian Reservation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colville_Indian_Reservation |
| Dictionary of the Kalispel or Flathead Language http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/kalispel/dictionaries.html |
| Flathead-Kalispel http://www.language-museum.com/f/flathead-kalispel.htm |
| Fur Trader David Thompson Explores the Pend d'Orielle River - 1809 http://historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5097 |
| Lake Indians http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08751a.htm |
| Northwest Plateau Culture and Ethnobotany http://www.fourdir.com/northwest_plateau_culture.htm |
Last updated 11/11/08 Copyright © 2008 by Four Directions Press