FDI - Lakota

The Sioux were a language group and culture. Prehistorically, they were apparently a component of the Indian Knoll Culture of the south, removing from that area about 1000 B.C. They became sedentary hunter/farmers along the Mississippi in southern Minnesota and northwestern Wisconsin. Ultimately, all of the Lakota and some of the Dakota and Nakota were driven out onto the Great Plains by the Chippewa where they became nomadic hunter/gatherers. This created an eastern woodlands division of the tribe and a prairie division, with the greater part of the population in the latter.

The Lakota were, for the most part, bellicose and had many enemies, particularly on the plains where they lived in a constant state of war. They allied with the Cheyenne and Arapaho, and were the most formidable opponents of White expansion. The Lakota, under leaders like Little Crow, Sitting Bull, Red Cloud, and Crazy Horse handed White expansionists several defeats before the final blow at Wounded Knee in 1890.

Aboriginal Locations (Subdivisions)

Minnesota and Wisconsin

Year	*History*
1640	First mentioned in the Jesuit Relation
1765	Some first reached the Black Hills, driven west by Chippewa
1801	Smallpox epidemic
1804	Met by Lewis and Clark
1811	Met Wilson Rice Hunt expedition on the Missouri River, traded
1837	Smallpox epidemic; sold all of their territories east of the Mississippi to U. S.
1848	War with Mandan
1851	First Treaty of Fort Laramie recognized tribes
1853	Received huge amount of corn from Arikara, prevented famine
1854	War over Grattan affair
1855	Gen. Harvey massacred 85, captured 70 women and children
1866	War of Bozeman Trail, Red Cloud's War
1868	Treaty of Fort Laramie established Great Sioux Reservation
1875	Black Hills Gold Rush started war, dispute between Red Cloud and Crazy Horse divided Lakota
1876	Defeated Gen. Custer at Little Big Horn River with help of Cheyenne, Black Hills War under Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
1877	Dull Knife, Lame Deer, and Crazy Horse defeated, Sitting Bull escaped to Canada, Crazy Horse killed in captivity; U. S. government forced takeover of Black Hills
1881	Sitting Bull surrendered
1889	Act of Congress split the Great Sioux Reservation into six smaller reservations
1890	Sitting Bull murdered on the Standing Rock Reservation, following this ... massacre of Big Foot's band killing more than 250 at Wounded Knee by U. S. Army for conducting "illegal" ghost dance
1973	American Indian Movement (AIM) took over Wounded Knee in armed conflict, occupied for 71 days, began three year conflict on Pine Ridge Reservation, 60 of tribe were killed
1976	Pine Ridge goon squads disbanded ending Pine Ridge civil conflicts
1980	Lakota refused $180 million in payment for stolen Black Hills

Sioux Sites:

AIM, Pine Ridge, and the FBI http://www.dickshovel.com/Aim.Pine.html

Akta Lakota Museum http://www.aktalakota.org/

Badlands: Human History http://www.nps.gov/badl/exp/humans.htm

Battle of the Little Big Horn http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/six/bighorn.htm

Battle of the Little Big Horn, 1876 http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/custer.htm

Big Foot http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/bigfoot.htm

Blackfeet Sioux Treaty - 1865 http://www.dlncoalition.org/dln_nation/1865_blackfeet_treaty.htm

Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/buffalobill/bbwildwestshow.html

Camping With the Sioux: ... Alice Cunningham Fletcher http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/fletcher/fletcher.htm

Catlin Sioux Paintings http://catlinclassroom.si.edu/catlin_browsepagetribe.cfm?StartRow=201

Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation http://www.brookmanstamps.com/Netcat/Indians/CheyenneRiver.htm

Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe Overview http://www.aaanativearts.com/article298.html

Chief Sitting Bull http://www.indigenouspeople.net/sittbull.htm

Collection of Wisdom http://www.immediex.com/lakota.html

Crazy Horse http://www.indians.org/welker/crazyhor.htm

Crazy Horse http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/crazyhorse.htm

Crazy Horse http://www.wc.pdx.edu/crazyhorse/crazy.html

Crazy Horse http://www.emayzine.com/lectures/CRAZYHOR.html

Crazy Horse Family Reconciliation http://www.dlncoalition.org/dln_issues/reconciliation_with_crazy_horse_family.htm

Crazy Horse Monument http://www.roadsidephotos.com/sd/sd16.htm

Crazy Horse Poetry: Sherman Alexie http://www.washingtonfreepress.org//02/Books.html

Crazy Horse Photo [?] http://www.friendslittlebighorn.com/crazy-horse-photo.htm

Crow Creek Agency http://www.sdhistory.org/arc/iap/arc_iap14.htm

Crow Creek Reservation http://www.aaanativearts.com/article302.html

Dakota/Lakota Singing http://drumhop.com/

Dakota Lakota Sioux Language http://www.native-languages.org/dakota.htm

Dakota Language http://www.alliance2k.org/daklang/dakota9463.htm

Decline and Fall of the Sioux Nation http://home.tiac.net/~cri/1998/sioux.html

Dreamcatcher Story http://www.firstpeople.us/FP-Html-Legends/Dreamcatcher-Lakota.html

First Nations of Minnesota http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/mncultures/lakota.html

Ghost Dance, Mooney's Illustrations http://php.indiana.edu/~tkavanag/visualb.html

Great Sioux Nation http://www.blackhillsbadlands.com/go.asp?ID=102

Great Sioux Nation http://www.blackhillsbadlands.com/

Interview with Lakota Indian Video http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2480184951762337446

Lakhota Language http://www.lakhota.com/home.htm

Lakota Astronomy http://www.kstrom.net/isk/stars/starmenu.html

Lakota Creation Myth http://www.indianlegend.com/lakota/lakota_001.htm

Lakota Creations Art Gallery http://www.lakotacreations.com/

Lakota - Culture and Spirituality http://www.elexion.com/

Lakota Iyapi http://www.elexion.com/lakota/iyapi/index2.html

Lakota Language http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=lkt

Lakota Linguistic Lineage http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=lkt

Lakota, Nakota, Dakota http://www.hanksville.org/daniel/lakota/Lakota.html

Lakota ns Dakota Wowapi Oti Kin http://puffin.creighton.edu/lakota/

Lakota of the Plains http://www.carnegiemnh.org/exhibits/north-south-east-west/lakota/index.html

Lakota Oglala Tribe of the Pine Ridge Reservation http://www.ouachitalk.com/takeover.htm

Lakota Reservation 1868 http://ishgooda.org/oglala/1868lnd.htm

Lakota Rites, Ceremonies, and Symbolism http://www.elexion.com/lakota/rites/main2.html

Lakota (Sioux) http://www.invitationproject.ca/cgi-win/quilt.exe?LISTING=1180

Lakota Sioux Dancing Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcPm0S_K6XM&feature=related

Lakota Sioux History http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Post/497636

Lakota Sioux Indian Village http://www.old-picture.com/old-west/Village-Indian-Lakota.htm

Lakota Tribes of the Great Plains http://www.pilotguides.com/destination_guide/north_america/american_rockies/lakota.php

Lakota Voices Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRaM0whsnxo

Lakota Winter Counts http://wintercounts.si.edu/

Life on the Rez: A Young Person's Perspective Video http://www.livevideo.com/video/skinnychef/A689AAD0F99B4745861348686A60133A/life-on-the-rez-a-young-perso.aspx

Lower Brule Sioux Tribe Overview http://www.aaanativearts.com/article306.html

Lower Sioux Mdewakanton Dakota Reservation http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/mn/lowersio.htm

Malakota - I am Lakota http://www.malakota.com/

Oglala Sioux Tribe http://www.lakotamall.com/oglalasiouxtribe/

Old Indian Days http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/EasDays.html

Origin of the Prairie Rose http://www.bedtime-story.com/bedtime-story/sioux-prairierose.htm

Pine Ridge Life and Conditions http://www.linkcenterfoundation.org/id24.html

Pine Ridge Reservation http://www.trailsandgrasslands.org/rez.html

Pine Ridge Reservation http://www.wmburgweb.com/DigitalScrapbooks/Travel98/PineRidge/pineridge.html

Red Cloud http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/i_r/redcloud.htm

Red Cloud http://www.indigenouspeople.net/redcloud.htm

Red Cloud http://www.custerslaststand.org/source/redcloud.html

Red Cloud http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/hst/northamerican/IndianHeroesGreatChieftains/Chap1.html

Red Cloud http://www.danielnpaul.com/ChiefRedCloud.html

Red Cloud Indian School http://redcloudschool.org/

Rosebud Reservation http://www.pschulze.com/subweb/lwoman/rosebud_reservation.htm

Rosebud Sioux Tribe http://www.rosebudsiouxtribe-nsn.gov/

Rosebud Sioux Tribe http://www.rosebudsiouxtribe-nsn.gov/demographics/

Rosebud Sioux Tribe Overview http://www.pschulze.com/subweb/lwoman/rosebud_reservation.htm

Sioux http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/sioux.html

Sioux Authors http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/t96

Sioux Elders Hold Peaceful Takeover of Tribal Council Building http://www.ouachitalk.com/takeover.htm

Sioux Indian Bibliography http://www.usd.edu/library/subject/siouxweb.htm

Sioux Indian Museum http://www.doi.gov/iacb/museums/museum_sioux.html

Sioux Indians http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14017a.htm

Sioux Language http://www.omniglot.com/writing/sioux.htm

Sioux Literature http://www.dickshovel.com/hill.html

Sioux Nation - Lakota, Dakota, Nakota http://www.montana.edu/wwwfpcc/tribes/

Sioux Tribe http://www.nativeamericans.com/Sioux.htm

Sitting Bull http://www.mysteriesofcanada.com/Saskatchewan/sitting_bull.htm

Sitting Bull http://www.mce.k12tn.net/indians/famous/sitting_bull.htm

Sitting Bull http://www.powersource.com/gallery/people/sittbull.html

Sitting Bull http://www.answers.com/topic/sitting-bull

Sitting Bull http://www.snowwowl.com/nativeleaders/sittingbull.html

Sitting Bull http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/sittingbull.htm

Sitting Bull and Buffalo Bill http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/seven/w67i_bullcody.htm

Sitting Bull College http://www.sittingbull.edu/

Sitting Bull's Death http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/eight/sbarrest.htm

South Dakota Indian Tribes http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/dakotas/sd.html

Spirit Lake Nation http://www.spiritlakenation.com/

Standing Rock Reservation http://www.standingrock.org/

Standing Rock Reservation Horses Part of Tribe's Teaching http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues03/Co11012003/CO_11012003_Horses.htm

Tatanka Iyotanka http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/1088/natives/sitting.htm

Tatanka Yotanka http://members.tripod.com/~RFester/lakota.html

Treaties http://puffin.creighton.edu/lakota/index_treaties.html

Unkpapa Sioux Portraits http://gallery.unl.edu/picinfo/2274.html

Wood Mountain Reserve Profile http://www.sicc.sk.ca/saskindian/a76nov15.htm

Wounded Knee ... http://www.dickshovel.com/hill.html

Wounded Knee Massacre http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/knee.htm

Wounded Knee Massacre http://www.linecamp.com/museums/americanwest/western_places/wounded_knee_massacre/wounded_knee_massacre.html

Wounded Knee Massacre: Lakota Accounts http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/eight/wklakota.htm

Woskate http://puffin.creighton.edu/lakota/publications/onefeather/woskate.html

*Ethnie:*	LAKOTA
*Dialect:*	Lakota
*Language:*	Dakota
*Family:*	Central Mississippi Valley Siouan
*Stock:*	Siouan Proper
*Phylum:*	Siouan
*Macro-Culture:*	Great Plains

Year	Total Pop.	MN	ND	SD	Source
Arrival	25,000	25,000
1700	20,000	20,000			NAHDB calculation
1800	25,000	500	4,500	20,000	NAHDB calculation
1900	15,000	500	4,000	10,500	NAHDB calculation
1904	15,627				Census
2000	72,000		12,000	60,000	NAHDB calculation
2004	75,663		12,723	62,940	Various