FDI - Lipan Apache

Most Apacheans began to arrive in the southwest from Canada late in the 15th century. These first Apaches were nomadic predatory bands which preyed on the sedentary peoples of the area. The Lipan Apache ranged over New Mexico east of the Rio Grande, but were primarily in west Texas. They were enemies of the predatory Comanches, Wichita, and Kiowa. Most survivors eventually flew to Mexico, though some joined the Mescalero Apache with whom they are now enumerated.

Year	*History*
1757	San Saba Mission established but broken up by the Comanche and Wichita
1761	Missions San Lorenzo and Candelaria founded
1764	Smallpox epidemic
1767	Missions San Lorenzo and Candelaria destroyed by Comanche and Wichita
1805	Three bands of the tribe reported
1821	Treaty with Mexico
1838	Treaty with Texas
1839	Sided with Whites against Comanche
1845	Suffered in conflicts with Whites
1856	Suffered in conflicts with Whites, most removed to Coahuila, Mexico
1903	19 survivors taken to Chihuahua
1905	Survivors brought to Mescalero Reservation

Year	Population	Source
1690	500	Mooney estimate
1700	500	NAHDB calculation
1800	650	NAHDB calculation
1805	650	3 bands reported
1900	50	NAHDB calculation
1910	28	Census
2000	0	NAHDB calculation

Lipan Apache Sites:

Apache http://impurplehawk.com/apache.html

Apache http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/plateaus/peoples/apache.html

Apache Authors http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/t2

Inde Apache Literature http://www.indigenouspeople.net/apache.htm

Lipan Apache http://rebelcherokee.labdiva.com/lipan.html

Lipan Apache http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipan_Apache

Lipan Apache http://www.everyculture.com/North-America/Lipan-Apache-Orientation.html

Lipan Apache http://www.indians.org/welker/lipanap.htm

Lipan Apache http://www.nps.gov/archive/foda/fort_davis_web_page/About_the_Fort/Lipan_Apache.htm

Lipan Apache Bibliography http://www.indians.org/welker/lipanbib.htm

Lipan Apache Indians http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/apache/lipan.htm

Lipan Apache in Texas http://www.texasindians.com/apach.htm

Lipan Apache Language http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=APL

Lipan Apache Linguistic Lineage http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=APL

Lipan Apache Nation http://el-mesteno.com/stories/0012lipan.htm

Lipan Apache Tribe http://viking.coe.uh.edu/~mroy/edwards/page12.htm

Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas http://www.lipanapachetribe.com/Communitypages.html

Lipan Apache Women's Defense ... Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4ElGBv9REE

Peyote Use http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/plateaus/peoples/apache.html

South Texas Indian Dancers http://www.firstnationsmonday.com/NANewLifeCenter/stindiandancers.htm

Texas Apaches http://www.texasindians.com/ap2.htm

Why the Bat Hangs Upside Down http://impurplehawk.com/folklore.html

*Ethnie:*	LIPAN APACHE
*Language:*	Western Apachean
*Family:*	Apachean
*Stock:*	Athapaskan
*Phylum:*	Na-Dene
*Macro-Culture:*	Southwestern