FDI - Manahoac

FOUR DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE

Manahoac

*Ethnie:*	MANAHOAC
*Language:*	Tutelo
*Family:*	Southeastern Siouan
*Stock:*	Siouan Proper
*Phylum:*	Siouan
*Macro-Culture:*	Eastern Woodlands
Speakers	None

The Manahoac were a sedentary hunter/farmer confederacy. Their ancestors fissioned from the greater Siouan culture about 1,000 B. C. and crossed the Appalachians into the Carolinas displacing the previous inhabitants. They occupied the northernmost region of Virginia, but relocated often. The ethnie was at war with all of the neighboring non-Siouan tribes. They finally confederated into other Siouan tribes.

Aboriginal Locations: Subdivisions (Villages)

VA Hassinunga, Manahoac, Ontponea, Shackaconia, Stegaraki, Tanxnitania, Teginateo, Whonkentia

Present Locations

Extinct as a culture

Year	*History*
1608	Located by John Smith on the Potomac River, at war with Iroquois and Powhatan, allied with the Monacan
1654	Had settled on James River, defeated a combined force of Whites and other tribes; soon forced out of area by Susquehanna, settled on upper James River
1700	Located at Fort Christianna
1722	By Treaty of Albany, Iroquois agreed to stop hostilities against Virginia tribes
1723	Last mention of tribe, joined Tutelo and Saponi

Year	Total VA Pop.	Source
1600	1,500	Mooney estimate
1700	1,000	NAHDB calculation
1800	0	NAHDB calculation
1900	0	NAHDB calculation
2000	0	NAHDB calculation

Other speakers of the same language:

Monacan, Moneton, Nahyssan, Saponi, Tutelo

Manahoac Sites:

Manahoac Confederacy of Virginia http://falcon.jmu.edu/~ramseyil/vaindiansmanahoac.htm

Manahoac Indian Tribe http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/algonquian/manahoachist.htm

Tutelo Language http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=tta

Tutelo Language http://www.native-languages.org/tutelo.htm

Tutelo Language Revitalized http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096411042

Tutelo Linguistic Lineage http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=tta