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Menominee

  

 

Ethnie: MENOMINEE
Language: Menominee
Family: Central Algonquian
Stock: Algonquian
Phylum: Algic
Macro-Culture: Eastern Woodlands
Speakers Nearly extinct
      The Menominee were a sedentary hunter/farmer nation. They ranged across northern Wisconsin and into Michigan. Their prehistoric location may have been in Michigan.
      The constant involvement of the Menominee in war against other tribes and against the British on the side of the French, and later on the side of the British against the Americans resulted in considerable population losses. They were severely affected by smallpox as well. Their present reservation is within their aboriginal territory.
Aboriginal Locations (Subdivisions)
MI    Misinimak Kimiko Wininiwuk
WI    Kakapakato Wininiwuk, Kakanikone Tusininiwug, Kipisakia Winiwiwuk, Manitowuk Tusininiwug, Mact Suamako Tisinini, Minikani Wininiwuk, Muhwao Sepeo Wininiwuk, Namao Wikito Tusini, Okatao Wininiwuk, Pasatiko Wininiwuk, Powahekune Tusininiwug, Suamakosa Tusinini, Wiskos Sepeo Wininiwuk
Present Locations
WI   Menominee Reservation, Keshena
Year History
1634 Visited by explorer Jean Nicolet
1667 Extended territories west hunting for fur
1669 Probable end of Sturgeon War with Chippewa, visited by Jesuit Claude Allouez
1670 Established peace with Potawatomi
1671 Arrival of missionary Louis Andre
1684 Aided Denunville against Iroquois
1712 Aided French against Foxes
1730 Battle with Foxes
1752 Joined Sauk, Foxes, Potawatomi in attack on Illinois
1755 Aided French in rout of British General Braddock on Monongahela, killed or wounded 300
1757 Aided French at Ft. William Henry, captured 500 British
1778 Attacked by Chippewa, two chiefs, many others killed
1798 War with Chippewa and Sioux
1812 Aided British in war with US
1831 25 men murdered by Sauk and Foxes
1834 Smallpox epidemic, lost 30% of tribe
1854 Cholera epidemic; ceded all of their lands except for a reserve on the Wolf River
1863 Smallpox epidemic, 50 died
1961 Suffered effects of Termination Act
1973 Termination Act repealed
Year Total WI Population Source
1700 4,000 NAHDB calculation
1800 4,000 NAHDB calculation
1842 2,464   Tribal roll
1870 1,400   Chief Keshena estimate
1900 1,400 NAHDB calculation 
1910 1,422 Census
1923 1,838 US Indian Office
1930 1,969 Census
1937 2,221 US Indian Office
1954 3,254 Tribal roll
1957 3,270   Tribal roll
1989 3,684   BIA
2000 7,000 NAHDB calculation
2005 7,200   Tribal roll
Other speakers of the same language:
None
Menominee Sites:
British Period in the Northwest:  1760-1795  http://www.gbl.indiana.edu/Pot/Bhbp.html
College of the Menominee Nation  http://www.menominee.edu/
College of the Menominee Nation  http://www.uscollegesearch.org/college-of-the-menominee-nation.html
College of the Menominee Nation  http://www.universities.com/Schools/C/College_Of_The_Menominee_Nation.asp
Legacy of Chief Oshkosh  http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues99/Co12111999/CO121199_Oshgosh.htm
Menominee  http://www.nativeamericans.com/Menominee.htm
Menominee Authors  http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/t51
Menominee Casino - Bingo - Hotel  http://www.menomineecasinoresort.com/
Menominee Culture  http://www.mpm.edu/wirp/ICW-54.html
Menominee Facts  http://www.geocities.com/bigorrin/menominee_kids.htm
Menominee History  http://www.dickshovel.com/men.html
Menominee History  http://www.mpm.edu/wirp/ICW-153.html
Menominee Indian Reservation  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menominee_Indian_Reservation
Menominee Indians  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10192a.htm
Menominee Indians  http://www.essortment.com/all/menominenative_rmrt.htm
Menominee Indian School District  http://www.misd.k12.wi.us/http://www.misd.k12.wi.us/
Menominee Indian tribe History http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/menominee/menomineehist.htm
Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin  http://www.menominee-nsn.gov/
Menominee Language  http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=mez
Menominee Language  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menominee_language
Menominee Language  http://www.native-languages.org/menominee.htm
Menominee Linguistic Lineage http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=mez
Menominee Oral Tradition  http://www.mpm.edu/wirp/ICW-138.html
Menominee Regalia  http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues02/Co04202002/CO_04202002_RegaliaOuterwear.htm
Menominee Termination and Restoration  http://www.mpm.edu/wirp/ICW-97.html
Menominee Treaties and Treaty Rights  http://www.mpm.edu/wirp/ICW-108.html
Sturgeon: Menominee Indian Tribe youth & EPA Earth Challenge  Video  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xnhidCIdAsM

Last updated 12/07/08  Copyright © 2008 by Four Directions Press