FDI - Monacan

FOUR DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE

Monacan

*Ethnie:*	MONACAN
*Language:*	Tutelo
*Family:*	Southeastern Siouan
*Stock:*	Siouan Proper
*Phylum:*	Siouan
*Macro-Culture:*	Eastern Woodlands
Speakers	None

The Monacan were a bellicose sedentary hunter/ farmer tribe. The eastern Siouans fissioned from the greater Siouan culture about 1,000 B. C. and crossed the Appalachians into Virginia displacing the previous inhabitants. The Monacan lived along the upper James River above the falls at Richmond. Conflicts with the Iroquois and Whites destroyed much of the tribe. Descendants, however, remain in their aboriginal territory.

Aboriginal Locations: Subdivisions (Villages)

VA Massinacack, Mohemencho, Rassawek

Present Locations

VA Monacan Tribe, Monroe

Year	*History*
1607	Jamestown settlement; learned of by Capt. John Smith during exploration of James River
1608	Visited by Captain Newport
1650	Probable fission of Saponi
1670	Smallpox epidemic sometime after this year
1699	Population declining, Huguenots took possession of a village
1702	Some remained in area per Swiss traveler Michel though some had been driven away earlier by colonel Bornn and probably later united with Saponi or Tutelo
1722	Treaty of Albany, Iroquois stopped hostilities against Virginia tribes
1988	Tribe became a state registered corporation
1989	Tribe recognized by the Virginia General Assembly

Year	Total VA Pop.	Source
1600	600	Mooney estimate
1699	100	Swanton
1700	100	NAHDB calculation
1800	50	NAHDB calculation
1900	50	NAHDB calculation
2000	1,300	NAHDB calculation
2005	1,400	U of Virgiinia

Other speakers of the same language:

Manahoac, Moneton, Nahyssan, Occaneechi, Saponi, Tutelo

Monacan Sites:

Monanac Indian Homecoming Festival http://www.loc.gov/bicentennial/propage/VA/va-6_h_goodlatte9.html

Monacan Indian Living History Village http://www.virginia.org/site/description.asp?AttrID=20003&MGrp=1&MCat=2

Monacan Indian Nation http://www.monacannation.com/

Monacan Indian Nation History http://www.manataka.org/page470.html

Monacan Indian Nation Leaders Meet http://www.virginia.edu/topnews/monacan_indians.html

Monacan Indians http://huguenot-manakin.org/monacan.htm

Monacan Indians of Amherst County http://members.tripod.com/monacannation/monacan.htm

Monacan Indian Tribe http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/algonquian/monacan.htm

Tutelo Language http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=tta

Tutelo Language http://www.native-languages.org/tutelo.htm

Tutelo Language Revitalized http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096411042

Tutelo Linguistic Lineage http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=tta

Monacan Nation http://www.wisdomoftheelders.org/prog2/transcript02_ew.htm

Siouan Language Group: Monacan Tribe http://mal.sbo.hampton.k12.va.us/fourth/socstudies/indianwebquest/siouan.htm

Virginia's Indians: Monacans http://falcon.jmu.edu/~ramseyil/vaindiansmonacan.htm