FDI - Nez Perce

The Nez Perce were semi-sedentary hunter/gatherer tribes. They acquired horses early. They lived in northeastern Oregon, southern Idaho, and southeastern Washington. They were devastated from disease and in war with the Whites when they attempted a long flight to Canada under Chief Joseph. The Washington Nez Perce are now enumerated with the Colville.

Aboriginal Locations (Subdivisions)

ID (17), OR (4), WA (5)

Year	*History*
1700	Acquired horses
1760	Smallpox epidemic
1781	Smallpox epidemic
1805	Lewis and Clark passed through territory, aided by Nez Perce
1809	David Thompson established Kullyspell House trading post on Lake Pend d'Orielle
1810	David Thompson established Spokane House
1811	David Thompson explored the length of the Columbia River
1836	Presbyterian mission established by Rev. Henry Spaulding near the mouth of Lapwai Creek
1841	Influx of Oregon Trail settlers began, conflicts followed
1851	Cayuse partially merged with Nez Perce
1855	Ceded lands by treaty
1863	Ceded remaining lands by treaty except for one reservation
1877	Nez Perce War as a result of Wallowa Valley occupants to failure to agree to cessions, Chief Joseph and followers overtaken in flight to Canada, made it to within 40 miles of the border, Joseph and 450 sent to Oklahoma
1885	Oklahoma Nez Perce suffered heavily from disease, survivors returned to Colville Reservation in WA

Year	U.S. Population	ID	OR	WA	Source
1700	8,000	5,200	1,200	1,600	NAHDB calculation
1800	6,000	3,900	900	1,200	NAHDB calculation
1805	6,000				Lewis and Clark
1849	3,000				Wilkes estimate
1853	1,700				Gibbs estimate
1885	1,437				Returned to Colville Res.
1900	1,600	1,500	0	0	NAHDB calculation (OR, ID absorbed by others)
1905	1,617				Swanton
1910	1,219				Census
1923	1,415				US Indian Office
1937	1,426				US Indian Office
1973	1,505				BIA @ Lapwai
1981	2,020				BIA
1989	2,455				BIA estimate
2000	3,500	3,500	0	0	NAHDB calculation
2003	3,700				Tribe

Nez Perce Sites:

BPA and Nez Perce Dedicate Hatchery http://www.bpa.gov/corporate/BPAnews/archive/2002/NewsRelease.cfm?ReleaseNo=338

Chief Joseph http://www.spiritconnectionstore.com/ARTchiefjoseph.htm

Chief Joseph http://www.josephoregon.com/chief_joseph.htm

Chief Joseph http://www.indians.org/welker/joseph.htm

Chief Joseph, Nez Perce Chief http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=276

Chief Joseph - Nez Perce http://www.juntosociety.com/native/nezperce.htm

Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce http://members.aol.com/Gibson0817/chiefjo.htm

Chief Joseph Surrender Speech http://www2.gsu.edu/~eslmlm/chiefjoseph.html

Constitution and By-Laws of the Nez Perce Tribe http://thorpe.ou.edu/constitution/nezperce.html

Ethnographic Overview of the Nez Perce Great site http://www.nezpercehorseregistry.com/history1.pdf

Facts About the Nez Perce Tribe http://www.idptv.state.id.us/archives/sacred/3.html

Flight of the Nez Perce - Timeline http://www.ourheritage.net/index_page_stuff/Following_Trails/Chief_Joseph/Chief_Joseph_Timeline.html

Hells Canyon: Nez Perce http://www.hellscanyon.org/native.htm

Idaho Natives: Nez Perce http://www.uidaho.edu/idahonatives/nez/

Lewis and Clark: Nez Perce Indians http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/native/nez.html

My Small Role as a Nez Perce ... http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues02/Co11162002/CO_11162002_RoscoePond.htm

Nez Perce http://www.scsc.k12.ar.us/2002Outwest/NaturalHistory/Projects/LachowskyR/Nez_Perce.htm

Nez Perce http://www.angelfire.com/realm/shades/nativeamericans/nezperce.htm

Nez Perce http://www.native-languages.org/nez.htm

Nez Perce http://www.nativeamericans.com/NezPerce.htm

Nez Perce http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/nez_perce.html

Nez Perce and the Lewis and Clark ... http://www.hanksville.org/daniel/misc/Lewis.Nez.html

Nez Perce Authors http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/t60

Nez Perce Campaign - 1877 http://www.lewis-clark.org/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=1022

Nez Perce Doll http://wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu/dolls/japanese/nara/nezdoll.htm

Nez Perce Indian History http://www.rootsweb.com/~idreserv/nphist.html

Nez Perce Indians http://www.lewis-clarkvalley.com/indian.html

Nez Perce Indians http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/native/idx_nez.html

Nez Perce Language http://www.nezperce.com/npedu13-2a.html

Nez Perce Language http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=NEZ

Nez Perce Linguistic Lineage http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=NEZ

Nez Perce Literature http://www.indigenouspeople.net/nezperce.htm

Nez Perce Literature http://www.indians.org/welker/nezperce.htm

Nez Perce National Historic Trail http://gorp.away.com/gorp/resource/us_trail/nezperce.htm

Nez Perce Nation Flag http://users.aol.com/donh523/navapage/nezperce.htm

Nez Perce NHP http://www.nps.gov/nepe/adhi/adhi1b.htm

Nez Perce People http://www.northcentralidaho.info/nezpercepeople.htm

Nez Perce People http://www.edhelper.com/ReadingComprehension_35_68.html

Nez Perce Site Dedicated http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues02/Co09212002/CO_09212002_Nez_Perce.htm

Nez Perce Trail in Oregon http://www.endoftheoregontrail.org/oregontrails/neemepootrail.html

Nez Perce Tribe http://www.critfc.org/text/nezperce.html

Nez Perce Tribe http://www.npaihb.org/profiles/tribal_profiles/Idaho/Nez_Perce.htm

Nez Perce Tribe http://www2.ihs.gov/PortlandAO/about/nezperce.asp

Nez Perce Tribe http://www.shobannews.com/idaho_natives/nez_perce.html

Nez Perce Vocabulary http://www.native-languages.org/nez_words.htm

Northeastern Oregon Natives ... http://www.chenowith.k12.or.us/tech/subject/social/natam_or/northeast.html

Oberlin College to Return Lost Item ... http://www.oberlin.edu/newserv/02apr/nez_perce.html

Oregon Trail http://linnhistory.peak.org/1853/1853immore.html

*Ethnie:*	NEZ PERCE (NIMIPU)
*Language:*	Nez Perce
*Family:*	Shahaptin
*Stock:*	Plateau Penutian
*Phylum:*	Penutian
*Macro-Culture:*	Northwestern Plateau