FDI - Northen Shoshoni

The Northern Shoshoni were nomadic hunter/gatherer tribes from whom the Comanche fissioned. They were differentiated form the Western Shoshoni in they were essentially mounted plateau/plains tribes. The Northern Shoshoni had bands in central Idaho about the affluents of the Salmon River, in southeastern Idaho on Bannock Creek, northeastern Utah in Cache, Ogden, Weber, and Salt Lake Valleys, and in Montana on Red Rock Creek. They had previously removed from permanent habitation of the Wyoming plains, though they continue to hunt those territories.

Northern Shoshoni woman Sacajewea guided Lewis and Clarks to the tribe, marking their meeting with Whites. The Blackfeet were their greatest enemies, who for a considerable period of time held an advantage over the Northern Shoshoni .. until the tribes were finally armed by Jim Bridger.

Though at first the tribes were unusually friendly toward the Whites and participated in the mountain man rendezvous, they later had numerous conflicts, particularly with the Mormons.

Year	*History*
1650	Approximate arrival of the Arapaho and Blackfeet onto the Northern Plains, conflicts began
1730	Mounted Shoshoni routed Piegan Blackfeet who soon acquired guns and retaliated
1781	Passed smallpox onto Piegan Blackfeet who attacked a dyning Shoshoni village
1805	Met Lewis and Clark, provided horses to Corps of Discovery
1812	Reported death of Sacajewea [?]
1824	Beginning of mountain man fur trade era with annual rendezvous being held in Northern Shoshoni country
1832	Battle of Pierre's Hole after rendezvous, mountain men, Northern Shoshoni, and Kalispel routed Gros Ventre
1833	Smallpox epidemic
1840	End of mountain man fur trade era
1841	Influx of Oregon Trail immigrants began, conflict followed
1843	Sacajewea? arrived at St. Vrain's Fort with a mountain man, he was killed prior to the arrival of John C. Fremont, Fremont escorted Shoshoni woman to near Ft. Bridger in Northern Shoshoni country where she left the group to join he people
1847	Mormons arrived in Utah
1848	Smallpox epidemic
1849	Tribe armed by Jim Bridgeer
1851	Smallpox epidemic, passed disease to Crow
1859	Chief Washakie killed Crow Chief Big Robber in a duel
1862	Gold discovered in Montana adding to White conflicts, Mormons took over Cache Valley, expelling Bear Hunter's Northern Shoshoni band
1863	Bear River Massacre, 250 of Bear Hunter's band slaughtered by California Volunteers, tribe gathered onto reservations by treaty, Box Elder Agreement, Northwestern Shoshoni eventually settle at Fort Hall, ID
1869	Transcontinental railroad completed through territory
1876	Allied with Gen. Crook in Sioux battle at Rosebud
1879	Sheepeater Indian campaign

Year	Total Population	ID	MT	UT	WY	Source
1700	2,500	1,250	250	500	500	NAHDB calculation
1800	2,500	1,250	250	500	500	NAHDB calculation
1845	4,500					Mooney estimate (included 2,000 Northern Paiute)
1868	2,000					Reservation rolls
1900	2,000	800	0	0	1,200	NAHDB calculation
1910	2,000					Census
1917	2,200					US Indian Office
1937	3,650					U. S. Indian Office
1989	8,400					NAHDB estimate using BIA data
2000	9,400	5,100	0	0	4,300	NAHDB calculation

*Ethnie:*	*SHOSHONI, NORTHERN (NEWE) also spelled SHOSHONE*
*Language:*	Central Numic
*Family:*	Numic
*Stock:*	Uto-Aztecan
*Phylum:*	Aztec-Tanoan
*Macro-Culture:*	Great Basin