FDI - Okanogan

The Okanogan were a semi-sedentary hunter/gatherer confederacy and dialectic group the Northwestern Plateau. They lived in Washington on the Okanogan River above the mouth of the Similkameen to the Canadian border, and around Lake Okanogan in British Columbia. They traded with the first Whites to arrive, but ultimately had conflicts with and suffered from the later settlers.

The Okanogan were driven southward by Athapaskans, but later extended into Similkameen and north to displace the Shuswap. The establishment of the U. S. and Canada international boundary divided their territory and ultimately the tribe gathered in Canada. The U.. S. Okanogan finally settled on and confederated into the Colville Reservation, and are no longer enumerated separately.

Aboriginal Locations (Subdivisions)

BC (29), WA (11)

Year	*History*
1782	Smallpox epidemic
1809	David Thompson established Kullyspell House trading post on Lake Pend d'Orielle
1810	David Thompson established Spokane House
1811	David Thompson explored the length of the Columbia River
1841	Influx of Oregon Trail settlers began, conflicts followed
1846	Tribe divided by international boundary, most migrated north
1872	Colville Reservation established
1884	Canadian Pacific Railroad completed

Year	Total Population	BC	WA	Source
1700	2,000	1,500	500	NAHDB calculation
1780	2,000			Mooney estimate
1800	2,000	1,500	500	NAHDB calculation
1900	1,500	1,500		NAHDB calculation (WA had confederated into Colville)
1905	1,516			CDIA
2000	650	650		NAHDB calculation
2004	688	688		Indian Life Online

Okanogan Sites:

Anisiche Bill's Artificial Nose http://members.tripod.com/~Cayuse/index-51.html

Changing Columbia Basin http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/anth481/sal/crintro1.htm

Colville Confederated Tribes Profile http://www.npaihb.org/profiles/tribal_profiles/Washington/Colville%20Confederated%20Tribes%20Profile.htm

Colville Reservation ... http://www.grandcoulee.com/CCTtab/history.html

Coyote Tales http://www.tojt.com/studyguides/Guides/gcoyote.html

Cultures Clash: The Land Grab http://www.ccrh.org/comm/moses/cultures1.html

Emerson, Elaine Timentwa http://www.arts.wa.gov/progFA/heritageAwd/1995_emerson.htm

Ethnobotany of Middle Columbia Native Americans http://www.cwnp.org/ethnobot2.html

Lower Similkameen Indian Band http://www.lsib.org/

Lower Similkameen Indian Band http://www.gospelcom.net/ilm/reserves/bc/pro_bc60.php

Mourning Dove (Christine Quintasket) http://voices.cla.umn.edu/newsite/authors/DOVEmourning.htm

Mourning Dove (Okanogan) (1888-1936) http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/bassr/heath/syllabuild/iguide/mourning.html

Northwest Plateau Culture and Ethnobotany http://www.fourdir.com/northwest_plateau_culture.htm

Okanogan http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/society/A0836488.html

Okanogan Indian Tribe http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/washington/okanagonindianhist.htm

Okanogan Language http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=OKA

Okanogan Linguistic Lineage http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=OKA

Okanogan Native http://content.wsulibs.wsu.edu/cgi-bin/viewer.exe?CISOROOT=/Matsura&CISOPTR=1251

Oregon Trail http://linnhistory.peak.org/1853/1853immore.html

Osoyoos Indian Band http://www.gospelcom.net/ilm/reserves/bc/pro_bc58.php

Retired Indian Affairs Leader Dies http://www.enterprisenewspapers.com/archive/2004/2/20/200421916501765.cfm

Thompson, David ... http://www.thefurtrapper.com/david_thompson.htm

Westbank Indian Band http://ilm.gospelcom.net/reserves/bc/pro_bc63.php

*Ethnie:*	OKANOGAN
*Language:*	Okanogan
*Family:*	Southern Interior Salish
*Stock:*	Interior Salish
*Phylum:*	Salishan
*Macro-Culture:*	Northwest Plateau