FDI - Pawnee

The Pawnee were a sedentary hunter/farmer nation but became nomadic buffalo hunters in the summer. They lived about the middle course of the Platte River and on the Republican fork of the Kansas River. The Arikara fissioned from the Skidi Pawnee at a late date.

Their territory was imposed upon by the entry of the Sioux and Cheyenne onto the plains resulting in wars. They were victimized further by the predatory Comanche and Kiowa and fought with the Osage. They allied with the Whites, but later suffered from White introduced diseases as well as their depredations.

Aboriginal Locations (Subdivisions)

KA (Kitkehahki or Republican)

NE (Chaui or Grand Pawnee, Pitahauerat or Tapage, Skidi)

Year	*History*
1541	Met by Spaniards under Coronado
1601	Encountered by Onate
1682	Tribe had horses
1700	Arikara had fissioned from Skidi Pawnee before this date
1770	Southern asd Skidi tribes rejoined after fur trade declined
1795	Arikara returned to Pawnee
1803	Settler influx as a result of Louisiana Purchase, allied with Whites for protection against Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Kiowa, and Apache
1816	Morning Star human sacrifice ceremony ended by 19 year old Petalsharo (Man Chief)
1818	Killed 84 Osage in battle
1826	Osage killed 18 Pawnee
1829	400 warlike Pawnee nomads in Indian Territory
1833	Ceded lands by treaty
1839	Probable smallpox epidemic
1848	Ceded lands by treaty
1849	Cholera epidemic
1857	Ceded lands by treaty
1865	Frank and Luther North organized a band of Pawnee scouts for US Cavalry battles with plains tribes
1869	Battle at Summit Springs vs. Cheyenne, Pawnee scout Mad Bear received Congressional Medal of Honor
1873	Sioux attack killed 150 Pawnee including Petalsharo (Sky Chief) at Massacre Canyon, Nebraska
1876	Ceded remaining lands for tract in Oklahoma, suffered severely from move

Year	Total Population	KA	NE	OK	Source
Arrival	15,000	3,000	12,000
1700	12,000	3,000	9,000		NAHDB calculation
1780	10,000				Mooney estimate
1800			10,000		NAHDB calculation
1856	4,686				Swanton
1861	3,416				Swanton
1879	1,440				US Indian Office
1900	700			700	NAHDB calculation
1906	649				US Indian Office
1910	633				Census
1923	773				US Indian Office
1930	730				Census
1937	959				US Indian Office
1981	2,066				BIA
1989	2,229				BIA estimate
2000	3,000			3,000	NAHDB calculation

Pawnee Sites:

Ancient Pawnee Medal http://www.rootsweb.com/~neresour/OLLibrary/Journals/HPR/Vol02/nhrv02p4.html

Battle at Massacre Canyon http://www.buffalocommons.org/docs/smenu1/massacre.html

Battle Creek History http://bcps.esu8.org/history1.htm

Battle at Summit Springs http://www.thehistorynet.com/we/blalderdice/index3.html

Dying Songs http://www.ocolly.com/issues/2001_Spring/010420/stories/songs.html

Genoa - Nance County http://www.casde.unl.edu/history/counties/nance/genoa/genoa.htm

Gover, Kevin, Apology http://www.progressive.org/mpvdbk00.htm

History of St. John's http://www.skally.net/sj/hist.html

Lift Every Pawnee Voice http://www.americanprofile.com/issues/20020623/20020623_2228.asp

Mad Bear, Pawnee, Congressional Medal of Honor Recipient http://www.medalofhonor.com/MadBear.htm

Myth, Folktale, and Ritual ... http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2455/is_n1_v34/ai_20925785

Native American Portraits http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/whtour/library-paintings.html

Pawnee http://www.twingroves.district96.k12.il.us/NativeAmericans/Pawnee.html

Pawnee http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/pawnee.html

Pawnee http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/ok/nations/pawnee/

Pawnee http://www.nativeamericans.com/Pawnee.htm

Pawnee http://www.pbs.org/wotp/tribes/pawnee/

Pawnee-Arikara Language http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=PAW

Pawnee Authors http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/t72

Pawnee Bill's Wild West Show http://www.jcs-group.com/oldwest/wildwestshow/pawneebill.html

Pawnee During Historic Era in Nebraska http://www.nebraskastudies.org/0300/frameset_reset.html?http://www.nebraskastudies.org/0300/stories/0301_0107.html

Pawnee Enrollment http://www.pawneenation.org/enrollment.htm

Pawnee Flag http://users.aol.com/donh523/navapage/pawn.htm

Pawnee Indian Corn Soup http://www.aniwaya.org/html/cooking/soups/soup-006.html

Pawnee Indians http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/view/PP/bmp52.html

Pawnee Indians http://www.rra.dst.tx.us/c_t/indians/PAWNEE%20INDIANS.cfm

Pawnee Indian School http://www.brokenclaw.com/native/pawnee.html

Pawnee Indian Sky Map http://classweb.howardcc.edu/astronomy/Presentations/Chapter3/sld028.htm

Pawnee Indian Tribe http://www.nanations.com/pawnee/

Pawnee Indian Tribe http://www.kansasgenealogy.com/indians/pawnee_indian_tribe.htm

Pawnee Indian Village Museum http://www.kshs.org/places/pawneeindian/

Pawnee Language http://www.native-languages.org/pawnee.htm

Pawnee Linguistic Lineage http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=PAW

Pawnee Literature http://www.indians.org/welker/pawnee.htm

Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma http://www.pawneenation.org/

Pawnee Pictures http://php.indiana.edu/~tkavanag/phothana.html

Pawnee Scout http://www.chicanarteyque.com/Gallery/gallery21.htm

Pawnee Sky Observations http://hoa.aavso.org/spacetalk.htm

Pawnee Society http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7864

Petalsharo (Man Chief) http://www.axel-jacob.de/chiefs10.html

Pike-Pawnee Flag Incident http://aplatoff.home.mindspring.com/flags/pikepawnee.html

Storyteller's Sacrafice http://www.in-forum.com/specials/DyingTongues/index.cfm?page=article&id=39196&tribe=Arikara&sub=1

Stuhr Museum of the Prairie Pioneer http://www.stuhrmuseum.org/tourlodge.htm

Treaty With the Pawnee Tribe http://www.utulsa.edu/law/classes/rice/Treaties/07_Stat_279_Pawnee.htm

Weltfish, Gene http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/weltfish.html

Wicked Chief http://www.indigenouspeople.net/wicked.htm

Ethnie:	PAWNEE
Dialect	Pawnee
Language:	Pawnee-Arikara
Family	Pawnee-Kitsai
*Stock:*	Northern Caddoan
*Phylum:*	Caddoan
*Macro-Culture:*	Great Plains