Pomo
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FOUR
DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE
Pomo |
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| Ethnie: | POMO |
| Language: | Pomoan |
| Family: | Pomoan |
| Stock: | Western Hokan |
| Phylum: | Hokan |
| Macro-Culture: | Central California |
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| The Pomo were a sedentary coastal hunter/gatherer language group and culture. They lived along the Northern California coast from Cleone to Duncans Point, and inland as far as Clear Lake. An additional detached group lived on Stony Creek. They experienced Russian occupation and suffered from Spanish missionization, Mexican depredations, and the gold rush era settlers. |
| Aboriginal Locations |
| Divisions (villages): Central Pomo (12), Eastern Pomo (6), Northeastern or Salt Pomo (3), Northern Pomo (32), Southeastern Pomo (3), Southern Pomo or Gallinomero (11), Southwestern or Gualala Pomo (8) |
| Present Locations |
| BIG VALLEY RANCHERIA, Finley |
| CLOVERDALE RANCHERIA, Cloverdale |
| COYOTE VALLEY RESERVATION, Redwood Valley |
| DRY CREEK RANCHERIA, Geyserville |
| ELEM INDIAN COLONY, Clearlake |
| HOPLAND RANCHERIA, Hopland |
| LYTTON RANCHERIA, Santa Rosa |
| MANCHESTER-POINT ARENA RANCHERIA, Manchester |
| MIDDLETOWN RANCHERIA, Middletown |
| NORTHERN POMO TRIBE, Lake County |
| NORTHERN POMO TRIBE, Mendocino County |
| PINOLVILLE RANCHERIA, Ukiah |
| REDWOOD VALLEY RANCHERIA, Redwood Valley |
| ROBINSON RANCHERIA, Nice |
| POMO TRIBE, Sonoma County |
| ROUND VALLEY RESERVATION, Covelo |
| SHERWOOD VALLEY RANCHERIA, Ukiah |
| STEWARTS POINT RANCHERIA, Stewarts Point |
| SULPHUR BANK RANCHERIA, Clearlake Oaks |
| UPPER LAKE RANCHERIA, Upper Lake |
| Year | History |
| 1809 | Russians began exploitation of Pomo |
| 1821 | Large numbers indentured to Mexican feudal barons |
| 1830 | Internal feud over salt, several killed |
| 1833 | Massacre of 21 Pomos by Father Mercado |
| 1836 | Large number taken as slaves |
| 1838 | Smallpox epidemic |
| 1841 | Russians removed from their territory when otter were hunted out |
| 1849 | Gold rush influx of Whites |
| 1850 | Capt. N. Lyon slaughtered 60 Pomo at Clear Lake, 75 at Russian River |
| 1862 | Squatters at Round Valley massacred 45 |
| 1871 | Episcopal mission at Round Valley, began practice of Ghost Dance |
| Year | Population | Source |
| 1700 | 8,000 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1770 | 8,000 | Kroeber estimate |
| 1800 | 8,000 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1848 | 5,000 | Cook estimate |
| 1852 | 4,200 | Cook estimate |
| 1880 | 1,542 | Cook estmimate |
| 1900 | 1,300 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1910 | 1,200 | Kroeber estimate |
| 1930 | 1,143 | Census |
| 1963 | 1,033 | BIA |
| 1989 | 2,195 | BIA |
| 2000 | 2,400 | NAHDB calculation |
| Other speakers of the same language: |
| None |
Last updated 08/11/07 Copyright © 2007 by Four Directions Press