FDI - Quapaw

The Quapaw were a sedentary hunter/farmer nation. They, along with their close relatives the Kaw, Osage, Omaha, and Ponca, lived in the region of the Ohio and Wabash Rivers. They were the last of the Dhegihans to remove from that region.

The Quapaw settled in region around the around the mouth of the Arkansas River sometime after the departure of De Soto and before the arrival of the French. They were pushed into the Indian Territory early in the nineteenth century. They moved often in their history primarily as a result of White pressure, suffering huge population losses.

Aboriginal Locations (Villages)

AR (4)

Year	*History*
1500	Omaha group separated from the Kaw and Quapaw in the region of the Wabash and Ohio Rivers
1673	Marquette visited a Quapaw village on the Mississippi River, found them to be hospitable
1682	Robert De La Salle and Henri de Tonti visited a Quapaw town, called "Arkansa"
1686	Visited by Tonti, became allies with the French
1699	Smallpox epidemic
1700	Removed from the Mississippi to the Arkansas
1758	Visited by La Page du Pratz above entrance to the White River
1762	France ceded all lands east of the Mississippi to Spain
1784	Peace treaty with former enemies the Chickasaw
1801	Arkansas returned to French rule
1803	Louisiana Purchase placed Arkansas in United Ststes
1805	Found by Sibley on Arkaknsas River above Arkansas Post
1818	Ceded lands by treaty at St. Louis, moved to the Red River
1823	Land speculators petitioned for the removal of Quapaw from territories
1824	Suffered from flooding, ceded lands by treaty, agreed to move to Caddo territory
1827	many Quapaw starved due to Caddo maltreatment, aided by Arkansas White settlers, soon removed to Arkansas
1833	Aggravated settlers prompted US to convey tribe to Kansas, forced to sign treaty
1834	Moved to Oklahoma lands near Seneca/Cayuga and Shawnee, soon evicted due to survey error
1846	Has separated into three bands, one living with Creeks, another on Canadian River, one in northeast
1859	Returned to Quapaw Reservation in Kansas
1867	Ceded Kansas lands, moved to Oklahoma
1877	Joined by the Ponca, most joined the Ponca and removed to a new reservation west of the Osage; joined by 450 Nez Perce
1885	Epidemic; smallpox [?], most Nez Perce returned home
1895	Land allotted in severalty

Year	Total Population	AR	OK	Source
1650	2,500			Mooney estimate
1700	1,400	1,400		NAHDB calculation
1750	1,400			Father Vivier estimate
1800	900	900		NAHDB calculation
1829	500			Porter estimate
1885	174			Swanton
1890	198			Census
1900	200		200	NAHDB calculation
1910	231			Census
1916	333			US Indian Office
1923	347			US Indian Office
1930	222			Census
1981	1,193			BIA
1989	559			BIA estimate
2000	600		600	NAHDB calculation

Ethnie:	QUAPAW (OGAPAH, ARKANSA)
*Dialect:*	Arkansa
Language:	Dhegihan
Family	Mississippi Valley Siouan
*Stock:*	Siouan Proper
*Phylum:*	Siouan
*Macro-Culture:*	Great Plains