Ethnie

The Takic peoples arrived in southern California about 2,500 years ago. All were peaceful hunter/gatherer mountain and desert cultures. The Serrano delineation was a result of the Spanish missionization that separated them from the so called Gabrielino and Kitanemuk, with whom they comprised the Northern Takic language group. They ranged throughout the San Bernardino Mountains, as far as the San Gabriel as far west as Mt. San Antonio. Ancestors of the present Serrano may well have ranged south of those mountains from Sierra Madre to the Morongo Valley. The Serrano had close cultural ties to the Cahuilla, an late, were allies and trading partners with the Chemehuevi and indeed adopted at least one band of that ethnie into their culture.

Year	*History*
1771	Mission San Gabriel Arcangel founded
1772	Pedro Fage entered territory
1776	Garces arrived in territory
1812	Revolted against missions along with Cahuilla and Yuma
1819	Asistencia established near Redlands; a large number of Vanyume massacred by Mojave tribe
1821	Large number indentured to Mexican feudal barons
1834	Many removed bodily to missions
1840	Smallpox epidemic
1860	Smallpox epidemic
1875	Reservation established
1975	100 Claimed descent, per Bean and Smith

Year	Population	Source
1700	1,500	NAHDB calculation
1770	1,500	Kroeber estimate
1800	1,500	NAHDB calculation
1900	100	NAHDB calculation
1910	118	Census
1975	100	Claimed descent, per Bean and Smith
2000	150	NAHDB calculation

Serrano links:

Archeological Collections Repository http://www.saa.org/publications/saabulletin/15-2/SAA4.html

The Arrowhead Legends http://www.notfrisco.com/calmem/arrowhead/brown.html

Before Rialto http://www.rialto.k12.ca.us/curriculum/RialtoHistory/RHchapter1.htm

Bud Waite - Profile of a Local Legend http://www.virtual29.com/magazine/bud.html

Casino Morongo http://www.casinomorongo.com/

Jedediah Smith's Journals Across the Mojave http://www.nps.gov/moja/mojahtjs.htm

Joshua Tree National Park ... http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/jotr/history3.htm

Language Museum: Serrano http://www.language-museum.com/s/serrano.htm

Late Prehistoric Period http://www.avim.parks.ca.gov/people/ph_serrano.shtml

Marquez, Deron http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues01/Co07282001/CO_07282001_San_Manuel.htm

Morongo Band of Mission Indians http://www.morongonation.org/

Morongo Band of Mission Indians http://www.morongo.com/

Native Americans Recount History http://lang.sbsun.com/projects/fireflood/P1/BN27SERRANO.asp

Native People of Big Bear Valley http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/activity/bbv/the_serranos.htm

Oasis of Mara http://www.nps.gov/jotr/culture/mara/mara.html

San Manuel Band of Mission Indians: Culture Overview http://www.sanmanuel-nsn.gov/culture.php

San Manuel Indian Bingo and Casino http://www.sanmanuel.com/

Serrano Group - SFSU Narrative http://bss.sfsu.edu/calstudies/NativeWebPages/serrano.html

Serrano Indians http://rims.k12.ca.us/serrano/index.html

Serrano Indian Tribe http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/shoshoni/serranoindianhist.htm

Serrano Language http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=SER

Serrano Linguistic Lineage http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=SER

Serrano Tanning Vats - Riverside County http://www.donaldlaird.com/landmarks/counties/100-199/186.html

Southern California Culture and Ethnobotany http://www.fourdir.com/southern_california_culture.htm

Sugar and Salt http://www.abotech.com/Articles/Campbell01.htm

Trail of the Desert Fan Palm Serrano lore http://www.trailwisdom.com/deserts.htm

Where Were the Serrano Indians? http://rims.k12.ca.us/serrano/Activities/mapact.html

*Ethnie:*	SERRANO
*Language:*	Northern Takic
*Family:*	Takic
*Stock:*	Uto-Aztecan
*Phylum:*	Aztec-Tanoan
*Macro-Culture:*	Southern California