FOUR DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE

The Tubatulabal were a semi-sedentary hunter/gatherer culture and language group. They were located in the upper part of the valley of the Kern River. Their language is unlike any other in the Uto-Aztecan stock. They suffered severely from the White influx.

Present Locations

Some remnants at TULE RIVER RESERVATION, Porterville while other absorbed into the local culture including Ft. Tejon

TUBATULABALS OF KERN VALLEY, Lake Isabella, CA

Year	*History*
1776	Visited by Father Garcés
1806	Measles epidemic
1846	White settlers moved into territory
1852	Signed treaties with U.S. government
1857	Kern River gold rush
1862	Joined Owens Valley Paiute in hostilities against Whites
1863	American soldiers massacred 35-40 men near Kernville
1893	Allotted land in South Fork and Kern Valleys
1902	Measles epidemic
1918	Influenza epidemic
2004	Began Pakanapul language program in Mount Mesa

Year	Population	Source
1700	1,000	NAHDB calculation
1770	1,000	Kroeber estimate
1800	1,000	NAHDB calculation
1855	228	Voeglin estimate
1900	100	NAHDB calculation
1910	105	Census
1972	50	Field census
2000	100	NAHDB calculation

Tubatulabl Sites

Basket Jar for Shell Money http://hearstmuseum.berkeley.edu/exhibitions/ncc/gallery_3_2_19.html

Far West Culture http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h969.html

Great Basin Culture and Ethnobotany http://www.fourdir.com/pre-columbian_gb.htm

Indian Legends of California ... http://www.mythfolklore.net/3043mythfolklore/reading/california/background.htm

Indian Tribes of Sequoia NP Region: The Tubatulabal http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/berkeley/steward2/stewardd.htm

Johnsondale History http://www.rranch.org/history/

Kern River Valley History http://www.southern-sierra.com/Community/history.html

Native American Basketry Exhibit http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/baskets/artists/putnam.html

Native American Language School Becomes Reality http://www.kvsun.com/articles/2004/10/27/news/01indianlanguage.txt

Native Languages Slowly Dying http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues00/Co12162000/CO_12162000_Dyinglanguage.htm

Seven Villages at Ft. Tejon http://www.angelfire.com/id/newpubs/villages.html

Sugar and Salt http://www.abotech.com/Articles/Campbell01.htm

Tubatulabal http://www.everyculture.com/North-America/Tubatulabal.html

Tubatulabal - SFSU Narrative http://bss.sfsu.edu/calstudies/NativeWebPages/tubatulabal.html

The Tubatulabal http://www.californiahistory.net/2_natives/Tubatulabal.htm

Tubatulabal Language http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=TUB

Tubatulabal Language http://www.native-languages.org/tubatulabal.htm

Tubatulabal Linguistic Lineage http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=TUB

Tubatulabal Metathesis http://ling.ohio-state.edu/~ehume/metathesis/Tubatulabal

Tubatulabals of Kern Valley http://www.navatech.org/Tubatulabal.htm

Tubatulabal Traditional Narratives http://www.answers.com/topic/tubatulabal-traditional-narratives

*Ethnie:*	TUBATULABAL
*Language:*	Tubatulabal
*Family:*	Tubatulabal
*Stock:*	Uto-Aztecan
*Phylum:*	Aztec-Tanoan
*Macro-Culture:*	Transition: Southern California, Colorado River, Great Basin, Central California