FDI - Tuscarora

The Tuscarora were a sedentary but bellicose hunter/farmer nation. The were located inland in the valleys of the Roanoke, Tar, Pamilco, and Neuse Rivers of North Carolina. They destroyed and absorbed the survivors of several other tribes. Most removed to New York (1712) after the two Tuscarora Wars. There they joined the Iroquois confederacy, thereby creating the League of Six Nations.

Aboriginal Locations Subdivisions [(# of Villages)

NC Akawantca'ka, Katenua'ka, Skaru're (23)

Year	*History*

1650	Accompanied Edward Blande, said to be very powerful and addicted to trade
1670	Visited by John Lederer; subsequent smallpox epidemic
1711	Captured and executed of John Lawson which caused First Tuscarora War, though Whites had encroached into tribal territory and taken slaves; Tuscarora Chief Hencock, with help of Coree, Pamilco, Machapunga, and Bear River massacred 130 Whites; Col. Barnwell attack repulsed, made peace but colonists immediately violated treaty by taking slaves
1712	Second Tuscarora War started with Col. James Moore killing 950, tribe went north to join League of Five Nations; allied with Coree, Machapunga, and Pamilco who later confederated into Tuscarora
1722	Full League rights granted to tribe
1723	North Carolina Tuscarora and Chowanoc placed on reservation, confederated
1776	Took side of colonists in Revolution, attacked by pro-British tribes
1797	Received land in New York from treaty at Genesee, pro-British tribe members moved to Ontario
1802	Remainder of North Carolina Tuscarora joined Iroquois in New York
1875	Oneida sold lands on which Tuscarora had settled, dispersed to other New York sites and Pennsylvania

Year	Total Population	NC	NY	ON	Source
1600	5,000	5,000			Mooney estimate
1700	4,500	4,500			NAHDB calculation
1708	4,500				Lawson estimate
1765	1,000				Swanton
1796	400				Swanton
1800	400		200	200	NAHDB calculation
1885	828				Swanton
1900	800		400	400	NAHDB calculation
1910	416			416	CDIA (Canada)
1910	400		400		Census (U. S.)
1981	725		725		BIA
1989	664		664		BIA
2000	2,400		1,200	1,200	NAHDB calculation

*Ethnie:*	TUSCARORA
*Language:*	Tuscaroran
*Family:*	Northern Iroquoian
*Stock:*	Iroquoian
*Phylum:*	Macro-Siouan
*Macro-Culture:*	Eastern Woodlands