FDI - Winnebago

The Winnebago were a sedentary hunter/farmer nation. Aboriginally, they were located on the south side of Green Bay and inland to Lake Winnebago. Tradition states that the Iowa, Otoe, and Missouria tribes separated late from the Winnebago in the region of Green Bay. There is further evidence that, prehistorically, they live at what is now know as the Aztlan Mound in Wisconsin.

The Winnebago suffered greatly during the time of the Beaver Wars in conflicts not only with the Iroquois, but the Illinois, Fox and others. They allied with the French against the British and with the British against the Americans until well after the Revolutionary War.

They were forced to move on numerous occasions, finally settling in reservations in Nebraska and Wisconsin.

Aboriginal Locations (Subdivisions)

WI About Green Bay

Year	*History*
1634	Battle with Illinois, met by Nicolet while at Green Bay, traded
1642	Attacked Potawatomi refugees from Beaver Wars, lost 500 warriors to storm when attacking Fox tribe, more losses to epidemic .. smallpox[?], soon killed 500 Illinois bringing aid to desperate Winnebago
1643	Devastated in revenge rail by Illinois
1660	Force inland by Iroquois attacks
1667	Devastate Winnebago accepted Algonquian refugees replenishing population
1701	Gained territory after defeat of Iroquois by French and Great Lakes tribes
1724	Joined Dakota and Fox in alliance against French and Illinois
1737	Established friendly relations with Sauk and Fox
1741	Many Winnebago moved inland from Green Bay due to decrease game animal populations
1755	Sided with the French in the French and Indian War
1775	Fought on side of British in Revolutionary War
1763	Remained neutral in Pontiac Uprising
1809	Militant allies of Tecumseh against Americans
1812	Fought on the side of the British
1816	Made peace with the Americans
1825	Ceded land for Iowa reservation, many remained in Wisconsin
1827	Winnebago War, Chief Red Bird died in prison
1828	Treaty, ceded lands
1832	Refused to participate in Blackhawk War, treaty with US
1836	Smallpox epidemic, 25% deaths
1837	Relinquished Wisconsin lands
1839	Sauk and Fox killed 40 members of a Winnebago hunting party, later attacked Winnebago village but drive back by winter weather
1846	Moved to Minnesota reservation north of Minnesota River
1848	Moved to Long Prairie reservation in Minnesota
1853	Moved to Crow River in Minnesota
1856	Moved to Blue Earth in Minnesota
1863	Whites demanded their removal to Crow Creek Reservation after Sioux outbreak which killed 400 Whites, soon escaped to Omaha tribe, eventually given reservation in Nebraska, some remained in Minnesota
1887	Lost one third of Nebraska land to Whites

Year	Total Population	NE	WI	Source
Arrival	3,800		3,800
1650	3,800			Mooney estimate
1700	2,800		2,800	NAHDB calculation
1800	1,800	1,800		NAHDB calculation
1806	1,750			Swanton
1867	2,450			Swanton
1876	2,543			Swanton
1886	2,152			Swanton
1900	2,200	1,000	1,200	NAHDB calculation
1910	2,333			Census
1937	2,688			US Indian Office
1973	2,334			BIA
1981	2,861			BIA
1989	2,952			BIA estimate
2000	3,600	1,100	2,500	NAHDB calculation
2004	3,736	1,204		IHS

Ethnie:	WINNEBAGO (HOCHUNKARA)
Language:	Winnebago Hochunk
Family	Central Mississippi Valley Siouan
*Stock:*	Siouan Proper
*Phylum:*	Siouan
*Macro-Culture:*	Great Plains