Yokuts
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FOUR
DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE
Yokuts |
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| Ethnie: | YOKUTS (YOKOTCH) |
| Language: | Yokutsan |
| Family: | Yokutsan |
| Stock: | Yok-Utian |
| Phylum: | Penutian |
| Macro-Culture: | Central California |
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| The Yokuts are a language family with as many as 50 separate hunter/gatherer tribes, and numerous dialects. They occupied the entire San Joaquin Valley of central California from the mouth of the San Joaquin River to the foot of the Tehachapis, and the adjacent lower slopes or foothills of the Sierra Nevada, from the Fresno River south. They experienced huge population losses as a result of Mexican genocide, and were almost destroyed by the virtual holocaust of the indiscriminate genocide of the early American gold prospectors and settlers. |
| Aboriginal Locations |
| Subdivisions: Tribes (# of villages): Buena Vista Group: Hometwoli, Loasau, Tuhohi, Tulamni (5); Tule-Kaweah Group: Bokninuwad, Kawia, Wuchamni, Yausanchi, Yokod (11); Kings River Group: Aiticha, Choinimni, Chukaimina, Gashowu, Kocheyali, Michahai, Toihicha (14); Northern Group of Foothill Division: Chukchansi, Dalinchi, Dumma, Kechayi, Toltichi (17); Poso Creek Group: Paleuyami (6); Southern Group of the Valley Division: Apiachi, Choinok, Chunut, Koyeti, Nutunutu, Tachi, Telamni, Tsineuhiu, Wechihit, Wimilchi, Wo'lasi, Wowol, Yauelmani (27); Northern Group of the Valley Division: Chauchila, Chulamni, Coconoon, Hannesuk, Heuchi, Hoyima, Kakisamni, Nupchinche, Pitkachi, Tawalimnu, Wakichi (19) |
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| Groups With Recognition Petitions Pending |
| Chukchansi Yokotch Tribe, Coarsegold |
| Chukchansi Yokotch Tribe of Mariposa, California, Mariposa |
| Year | History |
| 1802 | Pneumonia, diphtheria epidemic |
| 1805 | Attacked Fr. Cuevas party, Peralta retaliated killing 11, capturing 30 |
| 1806 | Measles epidemic |
| 1815 | Pico attacked rancheria near Madera, 5 killed, 50 captured, most escaped |
| 1821 | Large numbers indentured to Mexican feudal barons |
| 1833 | Epidemic, probably malaria |
| 1839 | Yokuts raiding party against Martinez lost 8, Castro then attacked 2 rancherias capturing 77 |
| 1850 | Gold rush, influx of miners, settlers; beginning of several years of Mariposa War genocide, huge losses; virtually no specific accounts |
| 1851 | Yokuts signed peace treaty |
| 1852 | U. S. Senate rejected treaty; Campbell and 2 dozen miner killed 11; some Yokuts placed at Tejon Pass |
| 1853 | Great number died from malaria epidemic |
| 1854 | Ft. Tejon established |
| 1856 | Williams leading Tulare Mounted Volunteers ambush Ft. Tejon killing 5; 15 Yokuts killed near Visalia; 20+ Yokuts killed in fight at Battle Mountain in Tule River War |
| 1858 | 200 destitute Yokuts removed from villages to Kings River farm by armed Whites |
| 1900 | Huge Tulare Lake virtually disappeared due to White drainage of water |
| 1933 | Chunuts Yokuts forced from their Tulare Lake village site |
| Year | Population | Source |
| 1700 | 18,000 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1770 | 18,000 | Kroeber estimate |
| 1800 | 18,000 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1848 | 14,000 | Cook estimate |
| 1852 | 13,000 | Cook estimate |
| 1880 | 600 | Cook estimate |
| 1900 | 550 | NAHDB calculation |
| 1910 | 533 | Census |
| 1973 | 595 | BIA |
| 1981 | 640 | BIA |
| 1989 | 1,327 | BIA |
| 2000 | 1,500 | NAHDB calculation |
| Other speakers of the same language: |
| None |
Last updated 08/28/07 Copyright © 2007 by Four Directions Press
