FOUR DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE

 

Yurok

 

Ethnie: YUROK
Language: Yurok
Family: Yurok
Stock: Yurok
Phylum: Algic
Macro-Culture: Northwestern California
Speakers 10      1982 SIL
      The Yurok were a sedentary coastal hunter/gatherer nation that relied heavily on fishing. They occupied the valley of the lower Klamath River and the neighboring coast. They are related only to the Wiyot and traded with their neighbors, particularly the Hupa. They were the hub of the Northwestern California tradition.  They were relatively rich materially as well as in tradition.  Nonetheless, they suffered severely from the White influx.
Aboriginal Locations
Subdivisions (# of villages):  Coastal, River (53)
Present Locations
ELK VALLEY RANCHERIA, Crescent City
TRINIDAD RANCHERIA, Trinidad
YUROK RESERVATION, Eureka
Year History
AD 1300 Dating of earliest Yurok archeological site, Hum-118
1775 Visited by Bodega, Hezeta, de la Campa, Mourelle, and Perez respectively; iron present among tribe
1827 Hudson Bay company traders arrived
1828 Visited by Jedediah Smith, noted iron knives and arrow points
1850 Real estate development schemes stepped up White influx, violence ensued
1851 Gold rush from minor discovery at Gold Bluffs to the north
1988 Hoopa-Yurok Settlement Act divided lands
Year Population Source
1700 2,500 NAHDB calculation
1770 2,500 Kroeber estimate
1800 2,500 NAHDB calculation
1900 700 NAHDB calculation
1910 688 Census
1930 471 Census
1981 1,917 BIA
2000 2,300 NAHDB calculation
Other speakers of the same language:
None
Yurok Sites:
An Ancient Yurok - Curtis  http://www.afterimagegallery.com/curtis11.htm
Early Days in Shasta  http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist7/klamath.html
Leo Carpenter, Jr.  http://www.csus.edu/ccp/about/staff/lcarpenter.htm
Carvings - Frank Gist, Jr.  http://www.pacwesttraders.com/gist.html
Ceremonial Dance Hat  http://sorrel.humboldt.edu/~rwj1/YUR/yur9g.html
Fishing with the Yurok  http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2007/09/02/us/20070831_YUROK_index.html
Fish Kills  http://www.hoopa-nsn.gov/news/fishkills.htm
The Gold Rush Legacy:  Greed, Pollution, and Genocide    http://www.earthisland.org/eijournal/spring98/sp98g_wr.htm
Hekcor  http://www.geocities.com/SouthBeach/Bungalow/4249/
Hupa and Yurok Culture and Basketry  http://www4.hmc.edu:8001/humanities/indian/basketry/Hupa-Yurok.html
Hoopa-Yurok Settlement Act  http://sorrel.humboldt.edu/~nasp/hoopa.html
Hupa-Yurok-Karok Baskets  http://www.californiabaskets.com/pages/hupahome.html
In Yurok Country  http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/09/13/MNYUROKMAIN13.DTL
Mountain Man Jed Smith explores region  http://www.triplicate.com/news/story.cfm?story_no=2527
Natural Resources and Fisheries Restoration Program  http://www.ncidc.org/fishrest.htm
Northwest California Culture and Ethnobotany  http://www.fourdir.com/northwest_california-oregon_culture.htm
Northwestern Culture Area  http://www.californiahistory.net/text_only/2_4.htm
Patrick's Point State Park  http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=417
Plank House Interior  http://www.humboldt1.com/~popenoe/scenes/inside.htm
Playing Shinny, Hupa Against Yurok  http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt4z09n7fm/
Redwood History  http://www.math.utah.edu/~salfeld/redwood/history.html
Re-Kwoi (Requa)  http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/5views/5views1h70.htm
Shamanism and Ritual  http://www4.hmc.edu:8001/humanities/indian/ca/ch07.htm
Sumeg  http://www.humboldt1.com/~popenoe/scenes/SumegFAQ.htm
Yurok  http://www.californiahistory.net/2_natives/yurok.htm
Yurok  http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/cultural/northamerica/yurok.html
Yurok  http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/prehistory/northamerica/culture/w.coastcultures/yurok.html
Yurok 4th Grade Student Project  http://www.murrieta.k12.ca.us/alta/grade4/tribes/yurok.html
Yurok and the Gold Rush  http://www.originalvoices.org/PriceOfGoldNine.htm
Yurok Art - Josephine Parker Collection  http://members.tripod.com/~Sawols/josephine_parker/gallery.html
Yurok Basket  http://www.theschoolbell.com/history/early/basket.html
Yurok Bibliography  http://www.mip.berkeley.edu/cilc/bibs/yurok.html
Yurok Cemetery  http://www.edwardscurtis.com/AYUROK1.html
Yurok Children  http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt5f59n83z/
Yurok Eagle Band Ring  http://www.moonstone-jewelry.com/yurok-eagle-ring-733.html
Yurok History and Cultural Relations  http://www.everyculture.com/North-America/Yurok-History-and-Cultural-Relations.html
Yurok House (Inside) Virtual panorama  http://www.virtualguidebooks.com/NorthCalif/RedwoodPark/PatricksPoint/YurokHouseInteriorL.html
Yurok Indian Smoked Salmon  http://www.geocities.com:0080/Yosemite/9758/ssal51.htm
Yurok Indian Tribe http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/yurokindianhist.htm
Yurok Language  http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=YUR
Yurok Language  http://www.native-languages.org/yurok.htm
Yurok Language;  Description and Revitalization   http://www.fastlane.nsf.gov/servlet/showaward?award=0004081
Yurok Linguistic Lineage  http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=YUR
Yurok Law  http://www.sandspitbooks.com/vlaw.html
Yurok Love Songs  http://www.bluefish.org/lovesong.htm
Yurok Man Canoeing  http://www.britannica.com/eb/art-88414/A-Yurok-man-paddles-a-canoe-on-the-Trinity-River
Yurok Medicine Man - Harry Roberts  http://www.angelfire.com/realm/bodhisattva/roberts.html
Yurok Open Weave Mat  http://www.manyhandsgallery.net/baskets/bas24.htm
Yurok photos  http://sorrel.humboldt.edu/~rwj1/yur.html
Yurok - SFSU Narrative  http://bss.sfsu.edu/calstudies/NativeWebPages/yurok.html
Yurok Texts  http://corpus.linguistics.berkeley.edu/~yurok/lexicon.xml?style=text-list&speaker=GT&status=all
Yurok Tribal Watershed Restoration  http://www.yurok.com/
Yurok Tribe Cultural Department  http://www.yurokculture.com/home.htm
Yurok Tribe  http://www.yuroktribe.org/
Yurok Tribe  http://www.answers.com/topic/yurok-tribe
Yurok Village of Sumeg  Virtual tour  http://www.virtualguidebooks.com/NorthCalif/RedwoodPark/PatricksPoint/YurokVillageSumegL.html
Yurok Widow  http://www.edwardscurtis.com/AYUROK2.html

Last updated 09/10/07  Copyright © 2007 by Four Directions Press